Term
| According to Gould and Lewontin, in adaptationist explanations natural selection is thought of as an optimizing agent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Gould and Lewontin, adaptationists atomize the organism into traits. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Gould and Lewontin, many adaptationists take their explanations to be true just as long as the particular story told is a plausible account of the trait. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gould and Lewontin advocate a "Bauplane" approach to studying organisms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Ruse and Wilson, moral feeling has a purely material basis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Ruse and Wilson, the belief that there is an objective morality is an illusion foisted on us by our genes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Ruse and Wilson, morality needs to be investigated empirically to make progress in the field. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Ruse and Wilson, there are some objective moral facts, and that is why cultural relativism is false. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to Persson and Savulescu, something is "prudentially good" if it is good for everyone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to Persson and Savulescu, pigeons have been cognitively enhanced to master mazes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Persson and Savulescu, moral enhancement is wrong since it would mean we were not longer free to choose wrong actions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Persson and Savulescu,morality --e.g. empathy and reciprocal altruism-- has a genetic basis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Gould and Lewontin, all adaptationist explanations are false. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Gould and Lewontin, when one adaptationist story fails, the adaptationist usually replaces it with another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Ruse and Wilson, morality is sometimes objective, but usually subjective. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Ruse and Wilson, every human behavior is exclusively caused by some unique cluster of genes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Persson and Savulescu, cognitive enhancement is a necessary condition for moral enhancement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Persson and Savulescu, bears have been cognitively enhanced to solve complicated “box mazes”. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Darwin’s Argument for Natural Selection |
|
Definition
- There is variation in the traits of individuals of a given species
- Traits of parents tend to be passed on to their offspring
- Species are intrinsically capable of a geometric rate of increase of population
- The resources of the environment typically cannot support such an increase |
|
|
Term
| What results from cognitive enhancement? |
|
Definition
-Total moral enhancement: no free will
-morality is no longer praise worthy or appreciated
-your actions are no longer better than anyone else’s/ also no longer praiseworthy because you couldn’t have done otherwise. Means nothing. |
|
|
