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| What are aspects of Philosophical questions? |
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Definition
1. Simple
2. Hard to answer
3. Appeal to reason |
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| What is the project of the Natural Philosophers? |
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Definition
- change (transformation)
- how do things become the way they are? |
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Definition
- everything is made up of one thing
- "one underlying reality" |
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Term
Fill in the Word Association:
T A A P H E A D |
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Definition
| Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Parmenides, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Anaxagorus, Democrites |
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Definition
- predicted the solar eclipse
- all is water
- water is associated with life
- solid, liquid, gas (steam)
- one basic substance (monism) |
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Definition
- pupil of Thales
- everything is "boundless" (infinite)
- something "boundless" is a physical substance, not a spiritual being |
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Definition
- pupil of Anaximander
- all is air/vapor
-concept of "boundless" taken from Thales and Amaximander |
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Definition
- all of reality is a single, undifferentiated, and unchanging thing.
- rationalism |
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Term
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Definition
| - Knowledge is acquired through reason, without the aid of our senses. |
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Definition
- dark philosopher
- was an empiricist
- concept of logos; principle of order
- everything is a process of constant change
- "you cannot step into the same river twice, that river is not the same river"
- the process is eternal, no beginning/ origin to God
- fire |
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Definition
- love and strife
- love bringing things together, strife pulling them away
- Both organized the four elements/roots of the world
- 4 roots: air, water, fire, and earth |
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Definition
- evolved from Heraclitus's ideas
- the world is comprised of infinite number of elements (seeds) that vary and are organized by the mind.
- nous = organization, not random
-pluralism |
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Definition
- opposite of monism
- ultimate reality is constituted by more than one kind of thing. |
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Definition
- the world is composed of individual particles
- come in various shapes and sizes
- determinism and materialism |
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- everything that happens is resulted by a natural cause.
- opposed to free will |
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- opposes idealism
- all reality is physical in nature |
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Definition
- opposes materialism
- all reality exists in the minds of spirits or is mindlike |
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Definition
- freelance teacher
- any expertise in a specific knowledge or craft
- held relativistic views
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Definition
- Things are pre-determined
- Oracle at Delphi |
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Definition
- taught Plato
- piety, justice, knowledge, irony
- dialectic method of questioning people
- sophist
- most interested in how people should behave
- a problem is solved by breaking it down into a series of question
- used this method to stimulate rational thinking and illuminate ideas
- everyone should worry about the welfare of their souls
- "the unexamined life is not worth living
- wrongdoing is a consequence of ignorance |
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Definition
- the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong
- moral excellence
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Term
| Essay #2: The question of what is the good or happy life has received many alternative answers. Discuss the answers given |
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Definition
Socrates: He believed the best way for people to live was to focus on self-development rather than the pursuit of material wealth, and he always invited others to try to concentrate more on friendships and a sense of true community
- virtue was the most valuable of all possessions, and the ideal life should be spent in search of the good
Aristotle: living in a way that is well-favored by a god
- The best activity of the soul is eudaimonia (happiness or joy or the good life), which can be achieved by living a balanced life and avoiding excess by pursuing a golden mean in everything between the two vices of excess and deficiency. |
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Definition
| knowledge is gained through the five senses |
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Definition
| - one central aspect of experience, thought, evaluation, or even reality, is somehow relative to something else |
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Term
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Definition
| - a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people |
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