A value that represents a typical, or central, entry of a data set.

The mean of a data set is a __________. So are the median and mode.

The sum of the data entries divided by the number of entries. The __________ is not resistant to outlying values.

population: μ=Σx/N

sample: x bar = Σx/n

The value that lies in the middle of the data when the data set is ordered.

The __________ is resistant to outlying values.

The __________ is the data entry that occurs with the greatest frequency. If no data entry is repeated, the data set has no __________. If two entries occur with the same greatest frequency, each entry is a __________ and the data set is called bi__________al.

For qualitative data, __________ is the only measure of central tendancy.

A frequency distribution is __________ when a vertical line can be drawn through the middle of a graph of the distribution and the resulting halves are approximately mirror images.

A frequency distribution is __________ when all entries, or classes, in the distribution have equal or approximately equal frequencies. A __________ distribution is also symmetric.

A frequency distribution is __________ if the "tail" of the graph elongates more to one side than to the other.

A distribution is __________ left (negatively __________) if the tail extends to the left. A distribution is __________ right (positively __________) if the tail extends to the right.

A numerical description of how "spread out" a data set is.

Range is a __________. So are variance and standard deviation.

the difference between the maximum and minimum data entries in a data set

__________ = (maximum entry) – (minimum entry)

The __________ of an entry x in a data set is the difference between the entry and the mean of the data set.

population: _____ of x = x – μ

sample: _____ x = x – x bar

The __________ of an entry x in a data set is the square of the difference between the entry and the mean of the data set. 

population: _____ = (x – μ)²

sample: _____ = (x – x bar)²

The following two expressions represent the __________.

population: _____ = Σ(x – μ)²

sample: _____ = Σ(x – x bar)²

The mean of the squared deviations of a data set:

population: σ² = Σ(x – μ)²/N

sample: s² = Σ(x – x bar)²/(n-1)

The __________ is the square root of the mean of the squared deviations of a data set. It represents how far a typical data value is from the mean.

population: σ = √(Σ(x – μ)²/N)

sample: s = √(Σ(x – x bar)²/(n-1))

A __________ specifies where in a data set an entry is located.

A quartile is a __________. So is a percentile or a z-score.

The __________ of a data set refers to the minimum entry, the first quartile (Q₁), the median (Q₂), the third quartile (Q₃), and the maximum entry.

the smallest value in a data set

the largest value in a data set

One of three numbers that divide a data set into four approximately equal parts. 75% of the values in a data set fall below the third __________.

One of 99 numbers (P₁ to P₉₉) that divide a data set into 100 roughly equal parts. 99% of the data values fall below the 99th __________.

The __________ is the difference between the third and first quartiles.

__________ = Q₃ – Q₁

The __________ represents the number of standard deviations a given value falls from the mean.

_____ = (x – μ)/σ