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| set of propositions that purports to provide reason for believing that another prop is true |
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| abstract subjects, ideas, theories, innocent but useless trifling, hair splitting distinctions, and controversies on matters which knowledge is impossible |
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| argument whose premises purport to provide support for its conclusion that is is so strong that, if all the premises are true, it is impossible for the conclusion to be false |
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| The logical form of an argument is constituted b the inference underpinning the relation between the premises and conclusion |
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• If P, then Q
• P
• Therefore, Q |
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• If P, then Q
• Not-Q
• So, not P |
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• P or Q
• Not- Q
• Thus, P |
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• If P, then Q
• If Q, then R
• Thus, if P, then R |
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An argument if it is valid and has all true premises
NO FALSE PREMISES |
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o One that does not purport to provide premises that, if true, guarantee the truth of the conclusion
o It purports to provide premises that, if true, problify the conclusion |
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All observed crows have been black
• Thus the next one will be black |
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| items of moral evaluation |
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| • Persons and agents who can be held morally responsible for the actions they commit, may be either morally good or bad |
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| an act is an end in itself, or one which uses killing as a means to an end |
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| No one has a right to the use of your body unless you have given that person either explicit or implicit permission to the use of your body |
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| objection to permission principle |
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| the sex act is consensual and with the knowledge that pregnancy can result, the unborn has the right to use a mother’s body |
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| Even assuming a fetus is not a person is can be shown that in most cases abortion is impermissible |
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| Assume that fetus is never a person and argue that fetuses are individuals relevantly like us, like adult human beings in a certain important respect |
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Abortion is, except possibly in rare cases, seriously immoral, and is in the same moral category as killing an innocent adult human
being |
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| whatever we get out of life |
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Term
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| what makes the goods of my future good for me is that I currently desire that these goods be part of my future |
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| A condition that, if lacking, guarantees that a statement is false |
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| A condition that, if present, guarantees that a statement is true (or that an event will occur) |
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Term
| potentiality objection to M |
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M argues form the fetus’s potential for a life of value to the conclusion that it has a life of value
• Saying it relies on a certain fallacious inference: the inference from the fact that something is potentially an F to the conclusion that it is F |
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• Without conscious awareness, beings cannot have interests
• Without interest, they cannot care about their welfare
• Beings that cannot care about their welfare have no moral status
• Fetuses prior to 22 weeks lack conscious awareness
• Therefore, fetuses prior to 22 weeks have no moral status |
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Term
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| • Contraception results in fewer FLO, so if the FLO account is correct then contraception and abstinence are seriously wrong |
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| what makes my future valuable to me are those aspects of my future that I should value when I will or would experience them, whether I currently value them not or nor, or will value them in my future or not |
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Term
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| the study and development of systems of right and wrong systems of rules and principles for figuring out what one should and should not do |
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| three types or moral actions |
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| obligatory, optional, and wrong |
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| an action that one ought to perform |
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| an action that is neither obligatory nor wrong |
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| an action that one ought not to perform. such an action is morally impermissible |
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| the set of right actions, in |
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