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Phil 130 - Ethics
Final Review
39
Philosophy
Undergraduate 2
06/03/2009

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Cards

Term
Technical Solution
Definition
Hardin says there is no technical solution (a solution that requires a change in technique of the natural sciences not a change in morality)
Term
Population Problem
Definition
thought that too many people could equal less or no natural resources
Term
Exponential Growth
Definition
In a finite world the per capita shares of goods decrease with population
Term
Incommensurable Goods
Definition
Goods where there is no basis for comparison but can be made into commensurable goods by system of waiting
Term
Invisible Hands
Definition
If each individual acting agent acts in their own self interest then the market will be lead as if by an invisible hand to promote the public interest
Term
The Prisoner's Dilemma/Free Rider Problem
Definition
We act in own self interest and end up choosing the worst consequence instead of collaborating for the best one
Term
Conscience
Definition
In terms of population, cultivate a conscience to not want to have kids when girls are young.... wtf? why did I write that?
Term
Mutual Coercion
Definition
Mutually agreed upon by the majority of people
Term
Example of Mutual Coercion
Definition
Laws and Regulations
Term
Exchange of Life
Definition
Idea that the cost of something is priced in terms of hours of effort put forth to buy it
Term
Stewardship
Definition
How we are stewards of the land
Term
Reverence
Definition
Reverence through stewardship, we may acquire reverence with the environment and respect and cherish more
Term
Two types of Euthanasia
Definition
Passive and Active
Term
Passive Euthanasia
Definition
Treatment is withheld and patient is allowed to die
Term
Active Euthanasia
Definition
Taking direct action to kill a patient
Term
Humanitarian Impulse
Definition
The reason for passive and active Euthanasia, to stop the suffering
Term
Smith and Jones
Definition
Hypothetical situation, Smith holds the kid's head underwater in the bathtub and Jones lets kid die after he slips in the bathtub
Term
Doing Something and Doing Nothing
Definition
It doesn't matter and either is a morally alright decision in the case of Euthanasia only
Term
Rescue I and II
Definition
I - 5 People are about to drown II - 1 Person, elsewhere, is going to die
Term
Agent of Harm
Definition
The direct cause of harm falling on someone else
Term
2 Subsidiary Users of Agency
Definition
1) Originations of fatal sequence(the way in which a person dies) 2)Rights and Duties ideas upheld among ourselves
Term
Rights
Definition
1) Right to non-interference EX right to life, body and property 2)Rights to goods and services
Term
Trolley Problem
Definition
Standing by a train track, either 5 people could die or just 1, Foot thinks that choosing only 1 person diverts a fatal sequence and is the best way to go
Term
Prudential/Economic Argument
Definition
1) Curbing Consumption and growth will protect the environment.
2) Our current level of consumption and economic growth is bad for our material well-being, at least in the middle to long term.
3) People value their middle to long term material well-being and that of their descendents.
4) So we can effectively encourage people to protect the environment by convincing them that current consumption and growth threaten their well-being.
Term
4 Misconceptions of the Prudential/Economic Argument
Definition
1) That the world is running out of raw materials
2) That the world is running out of food and timber
3) That the world is running out of energy
4) That the North exploits the South
Term
Thoreau Said:
Definition
"The cost of a thing should not be measured in dollars but in the life that must be exchanged for it."
Term
Exchange of Life
Definition
We should change our consumption and it would be good to limit economic growth, at least here in the West. Our current level of consumption is objectionable but not because it threatens our material well-being. It is objectionable because it threatens other aspects of life that we value
Term
Injustice
Definition
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere
Term
Non-Violent Campaign
Definition
Moral ends does not justify engaging in immoral means
Term
3 stages to a non-violent campaign
Definition
1st - Collect facts to see if non-violence persists 2nd - Negotiate 3rd (if 2nd works) - Self Purification(withstand blows without retaliation, preparation for jail, fasting)
Term
Tensions
Definition
Tension exists beneath the surface at all times when injustice exists
Term
Civil Disobedience/ Respect for the Law
Definition
Breaking a minor law, doing your time, and making differences in courts to change laws. And doing this willingly, lovingly, and conscientiously demonstrating respect for law.
Term
Personality/Dignity
Definition
Ethical ideal being held between one another
Term
Just/Unjust Laws(1st Def)
Definition
An unjust law is one that does not accord with God's law and a just one is one that does accord to God's law
Term
Just/Unjust Laws(2nd Def)
Definition
A just law is any that uplifts human personality and an unjust one fails to uplift personality
Term
Just/Unjust Laws(3rd Def)
Definition
An unjust law is a code that a power majority compels a minority group to obey which it does not make binding on itself. A just law is a law that a majority compels a minority group to follow and is willing to follow as well.
Term
Positive Peace
Definition
The presence of justice
Term
Negative Peace
Definition
The idea that "the boat should not be rocked" also could be phrased as The absence of tension and maintenance of status quo
Term
Tragic Misconception of Time
Definition
The idea of the white majority saying "wait" but one doesn't have forever, we have limited time
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