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Phil 130 - Ethics
Exam 1
29
Philosophy
Undergraduate 2
04/15/2009

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Term
The cultural difference argument
Definition
Different cultures have different moral codes. Therefore, there is no objective truth in morality. Right and wrong are merely opinions and opinions vary
Term
Moral isolationism
Definition
We can never understand any culture except our own well enough to make judgments about it.
Term
3 mistakes with the cultural difference argument
Definition
1) Logically unsound 2) Consequences make it impossible 3)
Term
The power of moral judgment is...
Definition
A necessity
Term
Cultural relativism
Definition
The principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture.
Term
2 important questions:
Definition
What should I do? Deontological What should I be? Virtue Theory
Term
Aristotle's method:
Definition
Dialectic
Term
Dialectic looks at...
Definition
ways to live "the good life"
Term
According to Aristotle, politics...
Definition
is the blanket over everything, goes hand-in-hand with ethics, concerned inter relationships, is the "master art", uses all information from other disciplines
Term
politics is the master art because:
Definition
1) uses all info from other disciplines 2) legislates for us what we are built to do
Term
Eudaimonia
Definition
to live well as a spirit, "the good life"
Term
according to Aristotle, ethics is...
Definition
the political science we live by
Term
3 popular views of "the good life"
Definition
1) Contemplative 2) pleasurable/enjoyment 3) Political(honor -> virtue)
Term
The Function argument
Definition
When something is "good" it means it performs it's function well
Term
Ergon is
Definition
Greek for function, also translated as "work"
Term
in order to be a "good" person:
Definition
one must act virtuous(they must think and make decisions based on principles)
Term
The human good according to Aristotle
Definition
Activity of the soul in conformity with excellence or virtue, if several virtues, in conformity with best and most complete of those
Term
Luck
Definition
It can throw a wrench in one's plans to live a "good life"
Term
Aristotle's view on birth
Definition
Your birth is a matter of luck
Term
Moral virtues are:
Definition
Dispositions or habits to act according to your appetites, emotions, passions, and desires
Term
Moral virtue(2 defs)
Definition
1) State of character concerned with choice, lying on a mean, determined by a rational principle by which the person of practical wisdom determines 2) To feel appetites of passions at the right times towards the right objects and the right people with the right motive in the right way
Term
Relativism
Definition
There is no true "best" morality
Term
Grounding experiences(spheres of experiences)
Definition
Everything in the world will experience this at some point and will act with virtue in regard to it
Term
Thin/nominal def of virtue
Definition
isolate the grounding experience
Term
think/full def of virtue
Definition
having that virtue (example: courage)
Term
2 Stages of inquiry
Definition
1) isolating and naming 2)working through it
Term
Hume's leading question:
Definition
Do our moral judgments arise from sentiment or reason?
Term
Hume thinks that our sentiment approves...
Definition
Of that which is benevolent and useful
Term
Sympathy for humanity
Definition
Sympathy without knowing the story, just having an initial moral feeling
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