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| The cultural difference argument |
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Definition
| Different cultures have different moral codes. Therefore, there is no objective truth in morality. Right and wrong are merely opinions and opinions vary |
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| We can never understand any culture except our own well enough to make judgments about it. |
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| 3 mistakes with the cultural difference argument |
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| 1) Logically unsound 2) Consequences make it impossible 3) |
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| The power of moral judgment is... |
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| The principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture. |
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| What should I do? Deontological What should I be? Virtue Theory |
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| ways to live "the good life" |
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| According to Aristotle, politics... |
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Definition
| is the blanket over everything, goes hand-in-hand with ethics, concerned inter relationships, is the "master art", uses all information from other disciplines |
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| politics is the master art because: |
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| 1) uses all info from other disciplines 2) legislates for us what we are built to do |
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| to live well as a spirit, "the good life" |
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| according to Aristotle, ethics is... |
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Definition
| the political science we live by |
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| 3 popular views of "the good life" |
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| 1) Contemplative 2) pleasurable/enjoyment 3) Political(honor -> virtue) |
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| When something is "good" it means it performs it's function well |
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| Greek for function, also translated as "work" |
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| in order to be a "good" person: |
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Definition
| one must act virtuous(they must think and make decisions based on principles) |
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| The human good according to Aristotle |
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| Activity of the soul in conformity with excellence or virtue, if several virtues, in conformity with best and most complete of those |
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| It can throw a wrench in one's plans to live a "good life" |
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| Aristotle's view on birth |
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| Your birth is a matter of luck |
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| Dispositions or habits to act according to your appetites, emotions, passions, and desires |
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| 1) State of character concerned with choice, lying on a mean, determined by a rational principle by which the person of practical wisdom determines 2) To feel appetites of passions at the right times towards the right objects and the right people with the right motive in the right way |
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| There is no true "best" morality |
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| Grounding experiences(spheres of experiences) |
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| Everything in the world will experience this at some point and will act with virtue in regard to it |
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| Thin/nominal def of virtue |
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| isolate the grounding experience |
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| having that virtue (example: courage) |
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| 1) isolating and naming 2)working through it |
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| Do our moral judgments arise from sentiment or reason? |
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| Hume thinks that our sentiment approves... |
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| Of that which is benevolent and useful |
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| Sympathy without knowing the story, just having an initial moral feeling |
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