Term
|
Definition
| implicit agreement among the members of a society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something that is understood but not stated directly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| property that a group has collectively but the individual members do not have (group weight <500lbs but not one person alone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to make choices and act on them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everyone has the same access to opportunities regardless of race, sex, ethnicity, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everyone has the same amount of wealth or martial goods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states you should be able to do whatever you want as long as it doesn’t harm another person. “laws should only prohibit you from harming others” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a violation of harm principle, a law that is supposed to protect you from doing harm to yourself (seatbelt laws, helmet laws, laws against suicide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system in which property is owned communally rather than privately. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic distribution of talents and assets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerned with the distribution of wealth (what distribution of wealth in a society would be fair?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerned with law and punishment (what kind of laws are fair, what kind of punishment is fair for breaking those laws?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to make choices that are up to you. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the view that every event, including every human choice has a prior cause. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to look inward at your own mind. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series that goes backward forever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when scientific phenomena at one level is explained in terms of a more basic science. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the simplest explanation is usually the correct one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concerns how a non-physical mind can causally interact with a physical body. |
|
|
Term
| Principle of the Conversation of Matter and Energy |
|
Definition
| total matter and energy in a closed system remains constant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research program focusing on creating machines to simulate intelligent behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test of computer intelligence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| private property is the source of most social problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is such a thing as excellence and it should be rewarded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the best model for understanding a society is the social contract. (individual is basic unit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| society is like an organism that exerts a non-rational influence on its members. (society is the basic unit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we value liberty among all other things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we are willing to accept restrictions to our liberty to protect us from harming ourselves or to enforce a public code of morals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalism is just because it promotes freedom and responsibility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalism is unjust because it promotes dishonesty, exploitation and greed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are universal human rights because all humans are fundamentally equal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are no universal human rights, there are only those rights that are given to us by law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mind and mental states are nothing more than brain states and processes. (mind=brain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we have a non-physical mind and a physical body that includes the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determinism is true and we DO NOT have free will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we can tell through intersection that we could have made different choices; thus, determinism is false and we DO have free will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determinism and free will are compatible, our choices are free when they are self-caused. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determinism and free will are incompatible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we are never responsible for anything we do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we are responsible for something if: you caused it, intended to cause it, had a choice, and were sane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not only could machines think, but they already do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| machines will never be able to think, all they can do is simulate intelligent behavior |
|
|
