Term
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Definition
If P then Q.
P, therefor Q.
Valid |
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Term
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Definition
If P then Q.
Not Q, therefor not P.
Valid |
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Term
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Definition
If P the Q. If Q then R. Therefor, if P then R.
If P then Q. If Q then R. If R then S.
Therefor, if P then S
Valid |
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Term
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Definition
Either P or Q.
Not P/Q, there for Q/P
(either or)
Valid |
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Term
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Definition
If P then Q.
Q, therefor P.
Invalid |
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Term
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Definition
If P then Q.
Not P, therefor Not Q.
Invalid |
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Term
If P then Q.
P, therefor Q. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q.
Not Q, therefor not P. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q.
If Q then R.
Therefor, if P then R. |
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Definition
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Term
Either P or Q.
Not Q/P, therefor P/Q. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q.
Q, therefor P. |
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Definition
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Term
If P then Q.
Not P, therefor not Q. |
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Definition
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Term
| Illegitimate Appeal to Authority |
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Definition
people rely on the beliefs of someone who is not an expert to make a decision.
Paris Hilton says soap gives you cancer, so i will stop using it. |
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Term
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Definition
conclusion of argument rejected on basis of bad character.
you have a good point. but you are mean so i don't care what you say. |
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Term
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Definition
if an objects parts are a certain way, its whole must be that same way
the blueberries in this smoothie are blue, so the smoothie must be blue. |
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Term
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Definition
an objects parts must be a certain way because its whole is a certain way
This cake is delicious. You used flour in it, so flour must be delicious. |
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Term
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Definition
a word is used twice with two different meanings.
All love involves intimacy. Therefor, if you have zero points in tennis, your are intimate. |
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Term
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Definition
a 'conclusion' is made based on a lack of evidence
god doesn't exist because no one has proved his existence |
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Term
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Definition
someone did something bad, so its ok that i did
my brother kicked me, so its ok to kick him back |
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Term
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Definition
one thing will lead to another and another and another (with no evidence to prove it really will)
if i got wait-listed for this class, I'm going to get wait-listed for my next one, and then my next one.. and i wont get in to any classes. |
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Term
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Definition
a statistic is made with a sample thats too small to really represent the large population its taken from
20/30 Californians claim to love Starbucks, so all of California must love Starbucks |
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Term
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Definition
a conclusion is drawn from a sample that can't accurately represent the population as a whole
Bay area kids are asked if they like rap. They say yes. All California kids like rap. |
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Term
Circular Reasoning/
Begging the Question |
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Definition
the conclusion is just the evidence repeated
Ice cream tastes good because it's delicious |
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Term
False Dilemma/
Either-Or Fallacy |
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Definition
thinking you only have two choices, and that if one is false, the other is true. (when its possible that both things could be false)
It's either hot or cold outside. And not hot, so it must be cold. |
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Term
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Definition
a person makes his position seem better than another's by wording there's differently and making it sound bad
x: abortion is acceptable sometimes
y: you think murder is ok sometimes? I think murder is wrong |
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Term
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Definition
if it used to be good, it must be good now
my favorite toy when i was a kid 40 years ago is clearly what my son wants for his birthday |
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Term
| You are studying at a very rich college, so you must be rich |
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Definition
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Term
| Butane burns because it is a highly flammable substance |
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Definition
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Term
| We atheists have come to the conclusion that God doesn't exist because there's no evidence proving he does |
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Definition
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Term
| All of those 2 pounds of grapes in that bag must be off. I tasted two of them and both were sour |
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Definition
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Term
| Hot dogs are better than nothing and nothing is better than steak. So hot dogs are better than steak |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you argue for vegetarianism when you wear leather shoes? I am not going to pay attention to what you have to say. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the conclusion is not certain
he was at the scene of the crime, so he is guilty
the more evidence provided, the stronger it is |
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Term
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Definition
| birds like worms. I'm a bird, so i like worms. |
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