Term
|
Definition
| The study of the nature of reality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the nature of knowledge and belief. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THe study of the worth of various things (art objects,social practices, human traits....) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of inference patterns (and a tool for doing things in the rest of philosophy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of propositions, one of which is suppose to be supported by the others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The one that is supposed to be supported. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ones that are suppose to be doing the supporting. |
|
|
Term
Example:
People should eat broccili regularly because it contains a lot of folic acid.
Conclusion?
Premises? |
|
Definition
Conclusion: People should eat broccoli regularly.
Premise: Broccoli contains a lot of folic acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a claim or a statment
-what is expressed by a declaritive sentence |
|
|
Term
| What is a declarative sentence? |
|
Definition
| A sentence that is either true or false. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are declarative sentences?
Today is Monday.
Are you crazy?
Are you sane?
Shut the door.
Tacos are made of metal.
BC is west of Alberta. |
|
Definition
Today is Monday.
Tacos are made of metal.
BC is west of Alberta. |
|
|
Term
Sentences that express propositions are:
A. dastardly
B. derogatory
C. delicious
D. declarative
E. dental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When is a proposition true?
A. when I think it is
B. when most people think it is
C. when it corresponds to the facts
D. when I'd like it to be
E. when it's not false |
|
Definition
| C. when it corresponds to the facts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflexible in one's beliefs |
|
|
Term
| Three relevant attitudes one can have toward a proposition: |
|
Definition
1. believe it (think it true)
2. disbelieve it (think it false)
3. suspend judgment |
|
|
Term
Which contains a proposition?
A. I know how to knit.
B. I know the rockies.
C. I know that SFU is in Canada. |
|
Definition
| C. I know tha tSFU is in Canada |
|
|
Term
What is the Standard Analysis of Knowledge?
(justified true belief) |
|
Definition
S knows that P if and only if
1. S believes that P,
2. P is ture, and
3. S is justified in believing P |
|
|
Term
| If S knows that P, then all ______ conditions are met. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One ________ know propositions one does not believe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One _________ know false propositions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One _________ know what one is not justified in believing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If all three conditions are met in the Standard Analysis of Knowledge then: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The truth of those three conditons is both _________ and _________ for the truth of S knows that P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
1. If Dr mac is taller than two meters then she's taller thatn one meter.
2. If Dr Mc is taller than one meter, then she's taller than two meters.
3. If Dr Mc is not taller than one meter, then she's not taller that two meters.
4. If Dr Mc is not taller than two meters, then she's not taller than one. |
|
Definition
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False |
|
|
Term
1. Being taller than one meter is _____ for being taller than two meters.
2. Being taller than two meters is _____ for being taller than one meter.
A. necessary B. sufficient
C. nec and suff D. neither nec nor suf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Clearly true?
My dog is eight years old. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. If Dr Mc is taller that two meter, then she's taller than one meter.
2. If Dr Mc is not taller than one meter, then she's not taller than two meters.
A. Both these are true
B. Both these are false.
C. 1 is true, 2 is false.
D. 1 is false, 2 is true. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "If P, then Q" is what kind of sentence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P=antecedent
Q=consequent |
|
|
Term
| A conditional is true if the truth of its antecedent is _______ for the truth of its consequent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If P, then Q.
P
Therefore,
Q
This argument pattern is valid or invalid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If an argument is in the form "affirming the antecedent" and has all true premises, its conclusion must be _______.
A. True
B. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a true conditional, the truth of the consequent is _______ for the truth of the antecedent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If P, then Q
~Q
Therefore,
~P
This patern is valid or invalid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Affirming the antecedent and denying the consequent are both ______.
A. valid
B. invalid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If P, then Q
Q
Therefore, P
This pattern is valid or invalid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If P, then Q
~P,
Therefore, ~Q
This pattern is valid or invalid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Another kind of sentence:
P and Q
What kind is it? |
|
Definition
A conjunction
conjunct and conjunct |
|
|
Term
| A conjunction is true if and only if ______ of its conjuncts are true. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Another kind of sentence:
P or Q
What kind is it?
|
|
Definition
A disjunction
disjunct or disjunct |
|
|
Term
| A disjunction is true if and only if at least ______ of its dijuncts is true. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
1. SfU is in Canada or the moon is made of cheese.
2. SFU is in Canada or hummans are mammals.
3. If an argument is valid, then its conclusion is true. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If Dr Mc is taller than 10 meters, then she's taller than 5 meters.
Dr Mc is taller that 10 meters.
Therefore, Dr Mc is taller than 5 meters.
Valid or invalid?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
A valid argument with false premises must have a false conclusion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What kind of sentence?
P if and only if Q |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sentences "P if and only if Q" can be brocken into what two sentences? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
P if Q is equivalent to
A. If P, then Q.
B. If Q, then P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
P only if Q is equivalent to:
A. If P, then Q.
B. If Q, then P |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false
1. A thing is blue only if it is coloured.
2. Unless a thing is coloured, it's not blue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
P if and only if Q states that P is both ________ and ________ for Q and that Q is both ________ and _______ for P. |
|
Definition
necessary
suffiecient
necessary
suffiecient |
|
|
Term
| According to the SAK, the three conditions are each ________ for the truth of S knows that P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The three conditions are ________ for the truth of S knows that P. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gettier thinks:
A. the three conditions are not necessary for knowledge.
B. the three conditions are not suffiecient for knowledge.
C. A and B
D. none of the above. |
|
Definition
| B. the three conditions are not sufficient for knowledge. |
|
|
Term
| A proposition is true _________________ it corresponds to the facts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. P and ~P
2. ~(Pand ~P)
A. 1 and 2 are sometimes true, sometimes false.
B. 1 is always false, but 2 is sometimes true and sometimes false.
C. 1 is never false and 2 is never true.
D. 1 is never true and 2 is never false.
E. It depends on what proposition P is. |
|
Definition
| D. 1 is never true and 2 is never false. |
|
|
Term
| Principle of Non-contradiction: |
|
Definition
| no proposition is both true and false |
|
|
Term
| Law of the Excluded Middle: |
|
Definition
| Always, either a given proposition is true, or its negation is true. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two attitudes one can have toward a proposition? |
|
Definition
One can believe it (think it is true)
One can disbelieve it (think it false)
eg. S believes P
S disbelieves P |
|
|
Term
(1) S believes that P.
(2) S disbelieves that P.
Could these, if S is rational and has considered P, both be true at the same time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(1) S believes that P.
(2) S disbelieves that P.
Could they both be false? |
|
Definition
| Yes, S suspends judgment about P. |
|
|
Term
| If two claims __________ both be true at the same time, that are in conflict. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If they are in conflict but could both be false, they are ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If they are in conflict but could not both be false, they are __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Contraries, contradictories, or not in conflict?
1. SFU is in Alberta
2. SFU is in Korea
1. SFU is in Korea
2. SFU is not in Korea |
|
Definition
not in conflict
contradictories |
|
|
Term
Contraries, contradictories, or not in conflict?
1. SFU is only in Korea
2. SFU is only in Alberta
1. SFU is only in Korea
2. SFU is only in BC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Contraries, contradictories, or not in conflict?
1. S believes P
2. S disbelieves P
1. S believes P
2. S does not believe P |
|
Definition
contradictories
contradictories |
|
|
Term
If there are instances that meet the conditions but are not instances of the concept the analysis is too _______.
1. narrow
2. broad |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If there are instances of the concept that do not meet the conditions then that analysis is too _______.
1. narrow
2. broad |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gettier's two assumptions are? |
|
Definition
1. It is possible to be justified in believing a false proposition.
2. Justification is closed under deduction. |
|
|
Term
| Can you give an example of a belief I currently have that is false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is it reasonable to think that I have some false beliefs? |
|
Definition
| Yes< because I am fallible |
|
|
Term
When is a disjunction true?
A. when none of its disjuncts are true.
B. when one of its disjuncts is true.
C. when all of its disjuncts are true.
D. B & C |
|
Definition
| B. When one of its disjuncts are true |
|
|
Term
1. The rule of additions is this:
P, therefoore P and Q |
|
Definition
false
P, therefore P or Q |
|
|
Term
| According to the SAK, S does not know Ponly if P is false. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Something is not taller that 2 meters unless it's taller than one meter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A conjunct is false if one of its conjuncts are false. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Being coloured is ______ for being blue.
A. necassary but not suffiecient
B. suffiecient but not necessary.
C. Both necessary and sufficient.
D. neither necessary nor suffiecient. |
|
Definition
| A. necessary but not sufficient |
|
|
Term
If a proposed definition of a concept is such that some items that fall under the concept do not meet the conditions set by the definition, the definition is too: ________.
A.Deep
B. valid
C. broad
D. narrow
E. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following are true?
A. Today is wednesday. or today is not Wednesday
B. What time is it?
C. If I'm late, then I am late.
D. A disjunction is true if its disjuncts are contradictories.
E. Shut up and eat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Strictly speaking, it follows from "you are cleopatra unless Descartes is a lunatic" that:
A. If Descartes isn't a lunatic, then you are Cleopatra.
B. Descartes isn't a lunatic only if you are Cleopatra.
C. Descartes is a lunatic if you are Cleopatra.
D. Descartes is a lunatic and you are Cleopatra. |
|
Definition
|
|
