Term
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Definition
| raises blood glucose level in hypoglycemic conditions (sugar to low) |
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Term
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Definition
| lowers blood glucose level in hyperglycemic conditions(sugar to high) |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamins ADEK(fat soluble can be stored), BC(water soluble)minerals, water |
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Term
| Infections disease examples |
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Definition
| plague, cholera, typhoid, yellow fever |
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Term
| what affects chronic disease |
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Definition
| years of unhealthy living, genetics is a factor but not a main one |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid balance, temp regulation, nutrient delivery, (Not cell repair!) |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown in mouth, salvary realease amylase, no digestion in stomach, small intestine is where enzymes such as pancreatic amylase and maltase are released, liver takes major uptake in glucose, excess of 90 grams goes to adipose tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which excess glucose is converted into fatty acid in the adipose tissue |
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Term
| Risk factors of cardiovascular disease |
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Definition
| tobaccos, lipids (fats), hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, obesity, diet |
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Term
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Definition
| assesses effect of a variety of foods based upon level of blood glucose rise compared to level from ingesting 50g pure glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| tells how much each ingested gram of carbohydrate raises our blood level |
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Term
| diabetes, specifically type 2 |
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Definition
| >95% of cases are type 2, many of patients require insulin, can be reversed/controlled with diet and excersize, largely a preventable disease 88% attributed to poor diet, obesity, and smoking, affects 6% of adults worldwide |
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Term
| how have diets changed over time |
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Definition
| abundance of processed foods that contain high levels of fat and refined carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down fat globules into smaller droplets thus increasing surface area of fat, which makes lipase more effecitent in digesting fat |
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Term
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Definition
| more common in type 2- atherosclerosis, heart attack stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| more common in type 1- small blood vesiles in eye or kidney, blindness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how many calories in 1 g fat |
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Definition
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Term
| whole refined and enriched carbohydrates |
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Definition
whole-milled in entirety
refined- coarse parts have been removed
enriched- some nutrients have been added back, fails to compensate for losses in many other nutrients and fiber |
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Term
| which hormones play key role in blood glucose homeostasis |
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Definition
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Term
| sugar alcohol and examples |
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Definition
| used by diebetic patient, most common are glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized locally in cells, genes contain code, transcription then mRNA splicing, last is translation with amino acids and folded into protein |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in stomach (pepssinogen) rest of digestion occurs in small intestine(duodenem) |
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Term
| RDA Carbs/Proteins/Lipids |
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Definition
Carbs- 130g/day
protein- .8/kg body weight per day
lipid- no RDA
fiber- female 25, male 38g |
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Term
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Definition
| conversion of pyruvate to glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| genesis (formation of glycogen), gylcogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) Glycolysis (oxidaztion of glucose to pyruvate) Glyconeogenesis (conversion of pyruvate to glucose) |
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Term
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Definition
| mono- fructose, galactose, glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| simple sugars, lactose, maltose, sucrose |
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Term
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Definition
| starch, amylose, complex sugar |
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Term
| What are the disaccharides, what are the composed of |
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Definition
lactose (glucose and galactose)milk
Maltose (glucose and glucose)not common
Sucrose (glucose and fructose) fruit |
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Term
| where are disaccharides split? |
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Definition
| small intestine, enzymes like maltase break them down |
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Term
| leading cause of death 1900s? today? |
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Definition
pneumonia and influenza, tuberculosis, diarhea, heart diesease
today- heart diseases, cancer, chronic lower respiratory, stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| starts in mouth, stomach- both insignificant role, small intesting- pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase and phospholipase along with bile break down lipds |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in small intestine, packed into vesicles called micelles, then assembled into chylomicrons |
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Definition
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