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| Categories of electromagnetic energies, from shortest to longer wavelength |
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| TV/Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma |
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| Four Ways Light Interact with Matter |
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| Emission, Absorption, Transmission, Reflection |
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| Reflection from a smooth surface at a definite angle |
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| Reflection from a rough surface, very scattering |
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Light beam is bent toward the normal when it passes into a medium with a higher Index of Refraction (one wheel passes from grass to pavement.)
It bends away from the normal when it passes into a medium with a lower Index of Refraction (one wheel on the grass.) |
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| n=Speed of light in a vacuum/Speed of light in a medium |
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| Angle of Incidence is equal of the Angle of Reflection |
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| What is total internal reflection? |
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| Only occurs when light passes from medium with higher Index of Refraction to one of lower Index of Refraction. ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than the critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. The critical angle is the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs. |
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Speed of light is wavelength dependent.
Index of Refraction is a function of wavelength.
Light is dispersed into a spectrium in a process called dispersion. |
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| Which color of the rainbow has the highest Index of Refraction in glass? |
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| Dispersion through a prism is dependent on |
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Angle between the two surfaces
Direction of incidence on the first face
Prism's index of refraction |
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| How is a rainbow created? |
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Water is more dense than air, so light is refracted as it enters and leaves each drop.
Red light is bent less (40 degrees), Blue light more (42 degrees), as in a prism.
In each drop, some light will have internal reflection.
Each raindrop only contributes one color. Raindrops lower down contribute blue and green. Raindrops higher up contribute red and yellow. |
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| What is the antisolar point? |
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The point where the sun is directly opposite of us. Line of antisolar point is the centerpoint around which a rainbow forms.
If the sun is in the sky, the antisolar point is below the horizon. If the sun has set, the antisolar point is above the horizon.
Indicates direction of sun and where a rainbow might form. |
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| Characteristics of a converging lens |
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| Convex surface with a positive focal length. Forms a real image. |
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| axis normal to both sides of lens. Light is not refracted along optical axis. |
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| The point where light rights parallel to the optical axis converge. Focus of a lens is found on opposite side of lens from object. |
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| Distance from centerline of lens to focus. |
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| Concave lense with negative focal length. Forms a virtual image. |
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| Correction for myopia (image unfocused in front of retina) |
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| Correction for hyperopia (far-sightedness; image focused behind retina) |
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