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| The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries. |
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| The tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between body tissues and the blood. |
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| The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body. |
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| RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM |
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Definition
| Located in the upper brainstem; responsible for maintenance of consciousness, specifically one’s level of arousal. |
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| Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle. |
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| Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones. These tissues support and strengthen a joint. |
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| The bones of the fingers and toes. |
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| The substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids. |
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| The bones of the cranium that form the forehead. |
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| The outermost cavity of a woman’s reproductive tract; the lower part of the birth canal. |
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| Extensions of a neuron that carry impulses away from the nerve cell body to the dendrites (receivers) of another neuron. |
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| The most posterior bone of the cranium. |
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| The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine. |
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| Small bones that compose the wrist. |
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| Involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity. |
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| The place where two bones come into contact. |
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| Nerve tissue that is continuous inferiorly with the spinal cord; serves as a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracts; coordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing. |
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| Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane. |
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| The knee cap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle. |
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| A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs. |
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| A small gland that surrounds the male urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory fluid. |
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| Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen. |
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Definition
| Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen. |
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| The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus. |
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| Tiny, disc-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding. |
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| Cells that carry oxygen to the body’s tissues; also called erythrocytes. |
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| All the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts. |
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| Tiny, oval-shaped structures located in various places along the lymph vessels that filter lymph. |
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| A small, tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. |
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| The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels. |
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| The space within a cell or cells. |
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| A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending. |
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| The supporting bone of the upper arm. |
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Term
| ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS |
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Definition
| Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels. |
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Definition
| The group of bones situated between the lower leg bones (ie, tibia and fibula) and the metatarsal bones of the foot. |
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Definition
| The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgment. |
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| The straightening of a joint. |
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| The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; carries oxygen-poor blood. |
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| A thin, straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the cells and carries waste products of metabolism away from the cells and back into the capillaries so that they may be excreted. |
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| The nerves that carry sensations such as touch, taste, smell, heat, cold, and pain from the body to the central nervous system. |
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| One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring. |
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Definition
| A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx. |
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| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) |
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Definition
| Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges. |
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Definition
| A rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle; also called the ankle bone. |
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| The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary. |
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| The main artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body. |
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Definition
| Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues. |
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Definition
| The flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries and all of their branches and capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary veins; also called the lesser circulation. |
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| A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints. |
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Definition
| Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will; skeletal, or striated, muscle. |
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Definition
| The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb. |
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Definition
| A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion. |
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| Any portion of the airway that does contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as the trachea and bronchi. |
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| The outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body. |
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Definition
| The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries. |
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| The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula. |
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| The muscle in the back of the upper arm. |
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| The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint. |
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Definition
| The body cavity that contains many of the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis. |
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Definition
| The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body. |
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Definition
| The fibrous sac that encloses a joint. |
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| The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body. |
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Definition
| The pressure of water against the walls of its container. |
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Definition
| A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular function; also called shock. |
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