Term
| Name 6 functions of the skin |
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Definition
1. Protect against infection
2. Prevent loss of body fluid
3. Sensory contact with environment
4. Vitamin D production
5. Regulate body temperature
6. Appearance |
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Term
| The outer layer of skin that consists of 7 layers. The outermost cells are dead, keratinized, and water proof. Takes 14 days to mature. Protection and presence of melanocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner layer of skin made up of connective tissue. Thick with no distinct layers. Forms a gel-like matrix. Contains hair follicales, sebaceous glands, nerves and blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| Regulates body temperature, sensation, nourishment of epidermis, and fluid balance. the subcutaneous layer is underneath |
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Definition
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Term
| Located between the dermis and epidermis |
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Definition
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Term
| These 3 layers will generate |
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Definition
Epidermis
Basal membrane
Dermis |
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Term
| These 4 layers will not regenerate |
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Definition
Subcutaneous
Fascia
Muscle
Bone |
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Term
| Name the 4 phases of wound healing |
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Definition
Inflammatory
Proliferation
Epithelialization
Remodeling |
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Term
| What all happens when wounds are healing? |
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Definition
1. Hemostasis & breakdown of debris/pathogens at the site
2. Platelets release platelet - derived growth factor for clot formation
3. Inflammatory response - immediate
4. Cardinal sign - heat, red, pain, swelling |
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Term
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Definition
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes |
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Term
| These leukocytes are the first on the scene and they kill bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| These leukocytes clean up the debris |
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Definition
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Term
| These leukocytes monitor for infection |
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Definition
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Term
| This phase begins 3-5 days and may last for weeks. Granulation tissue is stimulated by macrophages. Process stimulates angiogenesis and fibroplasia. Growth factor release stimulates fibroblasts to the area. Wound bed matrix is established |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibroblasts move into space while angiogenesis is occurring. Eschar is here and impedes the foundation formation. Epithelialization starts to occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Proliferation overlaps with this. Wound margin contraction. Complete covering of the wound with epithelium. Cessation of drainage |
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Definition
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Term
| Resurfacing and closure phase. Keratinocytes migration and melaocytes give color. Cells in dermis start to lose adhesion and move across the matrix in a leapfrog fashion |
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Definition
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Term
| -At time epithelial cells proceed faster than granulation tissue |
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Definition
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Term
-Cross linking occurs in collagen filaments
-Excessive wound contraction creates cosmetic and function problems (compression garments for burn pts)
-Contracture and fibroplasia - after this phase, wound has 80% of pre-wound strength |
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Definition
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Term
-Day 7 and forward
-Scar maturation - collagen becomes deposited into matrix and becomes organized
-Scar becomes avascular and white, decrease in fibroblasts, decreased number of capillaries
-Granulation tissue turns into scar tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| This phase can continue for 1-2 years. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 R's for hypertrophic |
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Definition
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Term
| -Has 3 R's, but with surrounding tissue involved as well. Grows out of its defined area of injury. Will not regress on its own, if excised, will grow back |
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Definition
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Term
-Progression through healing process in a timely and uncomplicated manner.
-Surgical or traumatic wounds that were healed by primary intention |
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Definition
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Term
-Might be a wound that fails to progress through a normal, orderly, timely sequence of repair.
-Healing may have pathology and generally occurs through secondary intension |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 12 Factors complicating wound care |
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Definition
1. Intrinsic
2. Age
3. Chronic dz
4. Perfusion/oxygen
5. Immunosuppresion
6. Nephrologic impairements
7. Extrinsic
8. Medications
9. Nutrition
10. Chemo/radiation
11. Stress (physical/emotional)
12. Bioburden |
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Term
Pre-Albumin - most widely used measure of protein over the last 10-15 yrs (not affected by dehydration)
Zinc - Multiple causes of deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 factors that complicate healing |
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Definition
1. Iatrogenic factors
2. Way wound is physically managed
3. Removal of dressings/trauma
4. Too vigorous wound cleaning or not enough
5. Drugs
6. Cytotoxic agents |
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Term
| Name 4 aspects of skin aging |
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Definition
1. Decreased moisture content
2. Decreased elasticity, less cohesive
3. Increased ability to tear or bruise
4. Try to avoid forceful scrubs, tapes, adhesives, cytotoxic agents, wet-to-dry dressings |
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Term
| Healing depends on coordination of inflammation, proliferation, and contracture |
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Definition
1. Dry wounds slow epithelialization
2. Remove the eschar
3. Forceful cleaning/dressing may hurt
4. Healing can be slowed by pt and PT
5. Aging skin is harder to heal
6. Optimizing healing with moisture, protection, and as close to body temp as possible |
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