Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systolic blood pressure is associated with |
|
Definition
| Heart failure, stroke, and renal failure |
|
|
Term
| SBP is a more important risk factor for CVD in those who are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prehypertensive requires lifestyle modifications to prevent CVD because is not considered |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide-type (alone or with other drugs) |
|
Definition
| The kind of diuretic that should be the initial drug therapy with HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effective on White people |
|
|
Term
| Calcium channel blockers and diuretics |
|
Definition
| Effective in African American |
|
|
Term
| smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
|
Definition
| Parasympathetic nervous system stimulated the |
|
|
Term
| heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic nervous system stimulates the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adrenergic (alpha and beta) |
|
Definition
| SNS is on the ________receptor |
|
|
Term
ARBs
ACE's
diuretics
CCB
Adrenergic
vasodiltors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Central (alpha 2 receptor agaonists) and peripheral (alpha 1 receptor agonists) |
|
Definition
| Adrenergic neuron blockers are |
|
|
Term
| cardioselective (beta 1) or nonselective (beta 1 and beta 2 receptors) |
|
Definition
| Peripherally acting beta receptor blockers has |
|
|
Term
| Central acting alpha 2 receptor agonists |
|
Definition
-stimulates alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brain
-decreases sympathetic outflow
-decreases NE production
-Decreases renin activity
-DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE |
|
|
Term
| Central alpha2 receptor agonists drugs are |
|
Definition
clonidine (catapres)-> manages withdrawal symptoms in opiod or nicotine dependent persons
Methyldopa (used for HTN in pregnancy)
|
|
|
Term
| dysmenorrhea, menopausal flushing, glaucoma |
|
Definition
| Central acting alpha 2 receptor agonists also treats |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral alpha 1-blockers/anatagonists |
|
Definition
-blocks the alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
|
|
|
Term
Doxazosin (carduna)
Terazosin |
|
Definition
| Peripheral alpha 1 blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Decrease HR-> decreases Bp by the beta1 blockade
-Decreased secretion of renin
-Long term use causes decreased peripheral vascular resistance
|
|
|
Term
Propranolol, atenelol
-Nebivolo (bystolic) only in (beta 1- cardioselective) |
|
Definition
| Drugs for peripheral beta-blockers |
|
|
Term
| Dual alpha 1 and beta receptor blockers |
|
Definition
blocks alpha1 adrenergic receptors
-Beta1 recptor blockade-> decreases HR
-Alpha1 receptor blockade (vasodilates) |
|
|
Term
| Dual action alpha and beta receptor blocker drugs are |
|
Definition
Carvedilol (coreg)
Labetalol |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral alpha 1 receptor also treats |
|
Definition
| BPH ->tamsulosin (flomax) |
|
|
Term
Adverse effects of Adrenergic drugs
|
|
Definition
-Orthostatic hypotension
-dry mouth
-drowsiness/sedation
-constipation
-headaches
-sleep disturbances
-nausea
-rash
palpitations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Large group of safe and effective drugs
-FIRST line drug for HEART FAILURE and HTN
-can be combined with thiaside diuretic or calcium channel blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (responsible for convertion angiotensin 1 to angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor and causes aldosteron secretion from adrenal glands) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
water and sodium resportion
meaning it= increase blood volume, increases preload, and increases Blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| ACE prevents the breakdown of a vasodilatingsubstance called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreases systemic vascular resistance (afterload)= vasodilates= decreased BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HTN
Heart failure
Slow progression of left ventricular hypertrophy after MI
Renal protect effects with diabetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DIABETICS and hypertensive people with Heart Failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"PRIL"
Captopril (capoten)-> short half life
Enalapril (vasotec)-> in oral and parental
New drugs, longer half lives, once a day:Lisinopril (prinivil and zestril) and quinapril |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inactive in administered form-> need to be metabolize in the liver to be effective
DEFINTELY NOT CAPTOPRIL AND LISOPRIL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be used if patient has a liver dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors |
|
Definition
-fatigue
-dizziness
-headache
-moodchanges
-impaired taste
-possible hyperkalemia
-dry nonproductive cough (reversible)
-angiodema (rarre,fatal)
first dose hypotensive effect may happen |
|
|
Term
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers |
|
Definition
| NEWER, WELL tolerated! Doesn't cause a dry cough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks receptors that receives angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VASOCONSTRICTION and RELEASE of ALDOSTERONE! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"AR"
-losartan (cozaar, hyzaar)
-valsartan (diovan)
eprosartan (teveten)
irbesartan (avapro) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-HF
-may also be used with other drugs (diuretics)
-this is used when patients can't tolerate ACE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-upper respiratory infections
dyspnea
-heartburn
-nasal congestion
Hyperkalemia (less likely) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relaxes smooth muscle and blocks calcium to others receptors to prevent contraction |
|
|
Term
| Caliucm channel blocker drugs= INES |
|
Definition
-Benzothiazepines (diltiazem)
-Phenylaklamines (verapamil)
-Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, depridil, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Angina
-Dysrthymias
-Migrane
-Raynauds disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Hypotension
-palpitations
-tachycardia
-constipation
nausea
-rash, flushin, peripheral edema dermatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decrease plasma and ECF volumes
-decrease preload, decrease CO, decrease tota peripheral resistance
-Decreased WORKLOAD= Decrease BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first line antihypertensives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relax arteriorlar/venous smooth muscle
Decrease SVR-> Decrease afterload |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Diazoxide (hyperstat)
-hydralazine HCL( apresoline)
-Minoxidil (loniten)
-sodium Nitroprusside (nipride, nitropress)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be combines with other drugs
HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENSIES: SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE and IV DIAZOXIDE |
|
|
Term
| With ANTIHYPERTENSIVE drugs never ever |
|
Definition
| DOUBLE up on does if missed |
|
|
Term
| Hypertensive drugs should not be stopped abruptly |
|
Definition
| due to Rebound hypertensive crisis-> leads to stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meal-> more gradual and effective |
|
|
Term
| if administering an IV form use an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With these hypertensive drugs, patients should change positions |
|
Definition
| slowly (postural hypotension/syncope) |
|
|
Term
| Male patients who take these drugs may not be aware that impotence is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For hypertensive drugs, pateints should avoid |
|
Definition
Hot tubs, showers, or baths
-prolonged siting/standing
alcohol ingestion may aggravate low BP
ALL-> leads to fainting and injury |
|
|
Term
| BP should be maintained at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BP for patient with HTN and has diabetes/renal goal is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
accelerate rate of urine formation
removes Na and H20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reabsored in the ascending loop of henle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reabsorbed in collecting ducts |
|
Definition
| if not aborbed it's excreted as urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
osmotic diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
-thiazide and thiazise-like diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI's) |
|
Definition
-acetazolamide (diamox)
-methazolamide (neptazane)
the carbonic anhydrase Makes H+ ions available for exchange with Na and H20 in proximal tubules
It blocks action of carbonic anhydrase (prevents exchange of sodium and water |
|
|
