Term
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Definition
| Drugs used to produce mental relaxation and reduce the desire for physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| iBurst of rapid eye movements, increased autonomic activity, and dreaming |
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Term
| Sedatives such as benzodiazepines |
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Definition
| Drugs used to produce mental relaxation and to reduce the desire for physical activity |
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Term
| Automatism occurs as a result of the impaired range and she CNS depression because |
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Definition
| The patient may not remember if the drug was taken and may retake the drug repeatedly and experience an overdose which may lead to intoxication and death |
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Term
| Hypnotic drugs are used to |
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Definition
| Induce and maintain sleep |
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Term
| Sedative drugs are used to |
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Definition
| Produce mental relaxation and to reduce the desire for physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS depressant drugs possessing the barbiturates acid ring structure |
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Term
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Definition
| sedative hypnotic drugs that do not possess the barbituric acid structure, such as benzodiazepines and related drugs |
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Term
| What are the stages of an NREM sleep cycle |
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Definition
| 1.Individuals are somewhat aware of their surroundings but relaxed and their eyes are usually closed.2. Individuals become unaware of surroundings, but can easily be awakened3.&4 are the deeper stages of sleep and are particularly important for physical rest and restoration |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase the GABA receptor mediated chloride influx into the nerves, inhibiting neuronal activity |
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Term
| When used as a hypnotic, the barbiturates usually increase |
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Definition
| Stage II sleep, but decrease slow wave sleep (3and 4). In addition, barbiturates suppress REM sleep |
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Term
| Enzyme induction refers to |
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Definition
| An increase in the amount of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Enzyme induction results in faster metabolism of the barbiturate. Consequently, the duration of the action is decrease |
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Term
| When does dreaming usually occur |
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Definition
| During REM sleep and after a period of REM sleep, individuals return to and NREM sleep and repeat the cycle |
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Term
| What are common adverse effects experienced while taking Zolpidem(Ambien) |
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Definition
| Headache, dizziness, and nausea in the elderly confusion and memory disturbances in addition |
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Term
| Eszopiclone [Lunesta] is a |
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Definition
| Hypnotic agent with a rapid onset of action, intermediate duration of action, and a half-life of six hours. |
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Term
| What is Ramelteon classified as |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is melatonin produced |
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Definition
| By the penal gland, releasee mainly at night, and involved with regulation of sleep and wake cycle |
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Term
| Using the duration of action, as a guide, select the group of hypnotic drugs that are listed in order from lowest to greatest duration of action.zolpidem,zaleplon,eszopiclone,temazepam,estazolam,flurazepam |
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Definition
| zolpidemAt zaleplon have a short duration of action eszopiclone,temazepam, and estazolam have an intermediate duration of action. Flurazepam has a long duration of action. |
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Term
| Determine the cause of nausea, vomiting, and headache that an alcoholic patient is experiencing while taking disulfiram |
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Definition
| Disulfiram slows the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetyl coenzyme A, therefore acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood producing nausea, vomiting, headache, and hypertension |
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Term
| Patients taking disulfiram are instructed not to |
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Definition
| ingest any alcoholic beverages, including coughs syrups, special wine glasses, and fermented beverages (Cider) |
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Term
What are the major differences between flurazepam and temazepam
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Definition
| Flurazepam is classified as a long acting benzodiazepine. It forms several active metabolites, some of which have long half-life. Temazepam is an intermediate acting hypnotic that does not form any important active metabolites |
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Term
| The barbiturates are designated as the FDA's pregnancy category D which indicates that |
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Definition
| They can cause harmful effects to the fetus consequently, these drug should be avoided during pregnancy |
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Term
| The preferred hypnotics for individuals having problems falling asleep and staying asleep are usually one of the miscellaneous drugs such as |
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Definition
| zolpidem [ambien, Ambien CR], or eszopiclone [Lunesta] |
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Term
| For individuals whose insomnia is complicated with anxiety or stressful situation one of the |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepines can be considered |
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Term
| An elderly patient requests that the physicians prescribe her quarrel hydrate in place of zaleplon or Zolpidem. What is chloral hydrate and what is the usual dose |
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Definition
| Chloral hydrate is an old drug related to alcohol that is still being used today primarily in the elderly. The main use of chloral hydrate is a hypnotic. The usual dosage is 500-1000 mg administered as a capsule or syrup; rectal suppositories are also available |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapidly absorbed and provides a short duration of action. It is useful for individuals having difficulty falling asleep; it has not been shown to increase the total sleep time. |
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Term
| Because barbiturates cause enzyme induction, other drugs made the metabolized more rapidly in their presence. This rapid metabolism results is |
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Definition
| They decreased pharmacological effect of drugs, such as the oral anticoagulant and oral contraceptives |
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Term
| Physical dependency on barbiturates usually develops |
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Definition
| When greater therapeutic dosages are taken on a regular basis for more than one did two months |
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Term
| The adverse effects associated with barbiturates are adverse effects associated with barbiturates are an extension of their therapeutic action (CNS depression) |
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Definition
| Drowsiness, dry mouth, lethargy, and lack of coordination occur most frequently |
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Term
| In large doses, barbiturates lead to cardiovascular and nervous system depression. The reason for this depression occurs: |
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Definition
| Inhibition of vasomotor centers in the medulla oblongata removes sympathetic show the blood vessels, which contribute to the production of hypertension and shock. The presence of hypertension, kidney function decreases. The dual leary respiratory centers also are depressed, leading to irregular breathing and hypoxia(cyanosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Short-acting hypnotic with the duration of 2 to 4 hours. The hypnotic indication is for individuals who have difficulty falling asleep, but not staying asleep |
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Term
| Lorazepam (Dalmane) is classified as a long acting benzodiazepine the anxiety effects of the flurazepam are usually evident the day after taking the lorazepam does. The select precautions you will emphasize to a patient. When you give them the prescription would be |
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Definition
| Avoid hazardous activities. When using hypnotic drugs, the the depressant effects of long acting hypnotics can persist during the next day and can cause drowsiness and impaired motor coordination to not take any alcohol or anxiety drugs. The combination can cause significant CNS depression and respiratory difficulties |
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