Term
| What is the action of heavy metals that produces the symptoms? What is a typical symptom in most heavy metal poisoning? What are the most typical chelating agents? |
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Definition
-Mainly from inhibition of -SH groups on enzymes and proteins
-Gastroenteritis
-**Dimercaprol and succimer** are both very common
-Penicillamine is also reasonably common
-The dimercaprol is more for *acute than anything, while the other two are better for *chronic
-Succimer is especially good in children |
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Term
| Where do we find arsenic? What are the symptoms of acute and chronic exposure? Which is more common? How do we treat? |
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Definition
-Find in some pesticides, well water in some countries, and associated with coal combustion (ground water etc.)
-Makes chronic exposure the more important one
Acute; gastroenteritis, *garlic breath, acidosis, diarrhea
*Chronic; *dark skin spots, stocking-glove neuropathy
-Treat with *dimercaprol, *penicillamine, or succimer
-The penicillamine is a bit more specific for this, but the other two are very common chelating agents |
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Term
| Where do we find iron? What are the symptoms of acute and chronic exposure? Which is more common? How do we treat? |
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Definition
-We find iron in medicine for anemias, but most importantly we find it in **prenatal supplements that *children can get ahold of and eat; making acute symptoms the only ones of note
Acute; Gastroenteritis, with bloody vomit and diarrhea
-Treat with deFEROxamine (anti-iron-amine basically) |
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Term
| Where do we find lead? What are the symptoms of acute and chronic exposure? Which is more common? How do we treat? |
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Definition
-Associated with *lead paint chips (*children eat b/c sweet), glazed kitchenware, etc.; the larger concern here being for chronic exposure
Acute; gastroenteritis, nausea, vomiting, etc.
*Chronic; *lead colic (pain), *lead palsy (neuropathy; possible wrist drop), *lead encephalopathy (mental retardation), **microcytic sideroblastic anemia with (+) *d-ALA & protoporphyrin
-We treat with dimercaprol or *succimer (esp. in children) |
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Term
| Where do we find mercury? What are the symptoms of acute and chronic exposure? Which is more common? How do we treat? |
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Definition
-Closest planet to the sun duh lol
-Also... we find in a bunch of random places, but especially in **dental amalgams where it is released as a vapor (when placing, removing, polishing, etc.), and fish
*Acute, vapor inhaled; chest pain and dyspnea
Acute, inorganic salt ingestion; gastroenteritis & bleeding
Chronic, organic ingestion (fish); *CNS effects (ataxia, visual and auditory loss, paresthesias, tremors, etc), discoloration of the gums and tooth loss
-To remember the chronic CNS effects of mercury, just think of "mad as a hatter" which comes from hatters going crazy bc of mercury being used for felt for hats
-Treat with good ol' succimer or dimercaprol |
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Term
| What significance is the ginkgo tree? |
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Definition
-It produces fruit used in traditional medicine for peripheral arterial disease
-However, it can give severe allergic reactions |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of insecticide poisoning (organophosphates or carbamates)? How do we treat? |
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Definition
DUMBBELSS;
-Diarrhea
-Urination
-Miosis
-Bronchoconstriction
-Bradycardia
-Excitation
-Lacrimation
-Sweating
-Salvation
-Treat with *atropine and *pralidoxime |
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