Warning Assessment

Final Check

Patient Counseling

What are the only steps in the dispensing process that legally cannot be filled by a technician?

PTCB provides the PTCE that are administered three times annually

How are Pharmacy Technicians Certified and By Whom?

Renewal is every 2 years with 20 hours of CE with 1 hour being pharmacy law

How often should a certified technician be renewed?

2:1 unless one of the technicians is certified, then the ratio is increased to 3:1

What is the Technician to Pharmacist Ratio in TN?

A mechanical self-operating piece of equipment that replaces human labor in repetitive tasks

How is Automation defined?

• Improved medication safety
• Improved quality of patient care
• Improved efficiency
• Improved documentation of care
• Expansion of services (esp. clinical)

Cite benefits of automation and technology in pharmacy

Cost of implementation and maintenence

Physical Space Requirements

Fear of Being Replaced

One Error Becomes Numerous

Staying Current

Describe some challenges of automation

Tablet Counters

IV Compounders

Dispensing Machines

Specify three types of pharmacy automation currently available

• Accuracy of Loading
• Accuracy of Bar codes
• Controlled access to the system
• Closed-looped systems (point-of-care POC)

Describe safety issues with pharmacy automation

A practice in which the practitioner takes responsibility for a patient’s drug-related needs and is held accountable for this commitment

Define Pharmaceutical Care

Cyclical v. episodic

Broader picture of entire health – disease states, non-medication therapy

Provide a continued review of drug therapy

Follows a pre-determined plan of care with re-evaluation of goals and outcomes

Differentiate Pharmaceutical Care from traditional pharmacy models

1. Unnecessary drug therapy
2. Need for additional drug therapy
3. Wrong drug
4. Dosage too low
5. Dosage too high
6. Adverse Drug Reaction
7. Inappropriate compliance

State seven possible drug therapy problem categories

1. Patient Data Collection
2. Patient Data Evaluation
3. Patient Care Plan Development
4. Documentation
5. Follow-Up

State the five basic steps in providing Pharmaceutical Care

Responsibility

Direct Provision of care

Caring

Achieving positive outcomes

Improving patient’s quality of life

Resolution of medication related problems

Recognize skills required to provide Pharmaceutical Care

Differences in health that systematically burden populations rendered vulnerable due to situations that are judged to be unfair, unjust, avoidable and unnecessary

What is the Definition of Health Disparities

Cultural Awareness

Ethnocentrism

Term meaning that other cultures are viewed based on one’s own culture

Cultural Relativism

Term meaning being respectful of differences between people

1. Aversion to Cultural Competence
2. Cultural Incapacity
3. Cultural Blindness
4. Cultural Pre-Competence
5. Cultural Competence
6. Cultural Advocacy

Basic Paradigms of Cultural Competence

Rapport

Empathy

Support

Partnerships

Explanations

Cultural Competence

Trust

1.      Relates to past, present or future physical or mental health, the provision of care, or payment of care

2.      Identifies the patient or could reasonably be expected to identify the patient

What are the two aspects of PHI (Protected Health Information)

–        Specifics in regulations to attempt to define “treatment”

–        Can sign agreements related to TPO, such as use of name on whiteboard 

Proper Use of PHI for TPO

1.      Name

2.      Home Address

3.      Phone #

4.      Fax #

5.      Social Security #

6.      Medical Record #

7.      Health Plan ID #

8.      Account #

9.      Certificate/License #

10. VIN or license plate#

11. Device or Serial #

12. Dates (birthday/admission)

13.  Email address

14.  URL

15.  IP address

16.  Biometric ID (prints)

17.  Full face photo ID

18.  Any other unique ID #, characteristic or code

PHI Identifiers

Health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers that conduct financial or administrative transactions electronically

Define Covered Entity as it relates to HIPAA

·         How the pharmacy intends to use and disclose information

·         Description of legal duties of pharmacy to protect PHI confidentiality

·         Statement of the patient’s rights and how to exercise those rights

·         Statement that patients may complain to the pharmacy or HHS and the method for filing a complaint

·         A person in the company whom the patient may contact with privacy concerns.  Include the person’s name or title and telephone number

Components of the “Notice of Privacy Practices”