Term
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Definition
| Our knowledge and beliefs about ourselves |
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Term
| How is self-concept developed? |
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Definition
| By self-evaluation and by reflected appraisal (evauluation by others) |
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Term
| When does self-concept develop? |
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Definition
Infants at 6 months recognize themselves as seperate from mom
Toddlers know self by exernal characteristics
Preschoolers can define emotions/beliefs
Adolescence forms identity
Adulthood has specific self |
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Term
| Define cognitive criticism |
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Definition
| When self-concept is resistance to change in the late 20s, may be because we are prone to listen to messages that reinforce our self concept |
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Term
| How is self-concept different from self-esteem? |
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Definition
| Self-concept is the belief about who you are, self-esteem is the evaluation of who you are |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of interpreting information to produce a meaningful explanation, insight, intuition |
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Term
| How does self-concept affect how we perceive others? |
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Definition
| The more accurate OUR self-concept, the more likely we accurately perceive others |
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Term
| What are the letter codes for Kiersey temperament types? |
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Definition
Sensing vs. Intuition
If I: Thinking vs feeling
If S: Judging vs perceiving |
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Term
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Definition
| Required research project, learning in core areas, pharmacist staffing experience |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized areas, more Research requirements |
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Term
| What are the three broad categories of research done by College of Pharmacy faculty? |
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Definition
1. Basic sciences
2. Clinical sciences
3. Social/administrative sciences |
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Term
| Give an example of Social and Administrative Sciences research |
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Definition
| Ex. The greatest factor in a child's medication is the mother's attitude about medication (not income, diagnosis, or doctor) |
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Term
| What is the difference between the focus of a PharmD and a PhD? |
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Definition
| Pharm D is for clinical skills, PhD is for research skills |
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Term
| Describe PhD requirements |
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Definition
-Have to have a B.S.
-Takes 4-5 years
-90 credits
-1st two years are coursework
-Last two years is mostly dissertation research |
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Term
| Describe the PharmD/MS Dual Degree |
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Definition
-A “head start” in PhD
-Pharm D is 139 credit hours plus 9 hours of electives
-Start graduate program at the end of P-1 year
-50% of the fees are covered in the PharmD program
-Possible to finish both in June of P-4 year |
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Term
| If there is both a state and federal law, which do you follow? |
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Definition
| Whichever is more stringent |
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Term
| What initiated formation of the FDA via the Pure Food and Drug Act? |
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Definition
| Sinclair's "The Jungle", articles on medical quackery |
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Term
| What was the result of the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)? |
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Definition
| Gave the FDA the authority to pursue manufacturers of misbranded or adulterated drugs |
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Term
| Give a modern example of a possibly misbranded drug |
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Definition
| Herbal supplements that might have incorrect dosages |
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Term
| What initiated formation of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? |
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Definition
| The Sulfaniladmide tragedy (sulfaniladmine was being put into an anti-freeze elixer, dozens died) |
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Term
| What was the result of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)? |
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Definition
| FDA can test for safety (not effectiveness) of drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics |
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Term
| What was the result of the Durham Humphery Amendment (1952)? |
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Definition
| Creation of two categories of drugs (OTC and prescription) |
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Term
| What initiated the Drug Amendments of 1962? |
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Definition
| The Thalidomide Tragedy- drug for pregnant woman insomnia, resulting in severe limb birth defects |
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Term
| What was the result of the Drug Amendments of 1962? |
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Definition
| The FDA can research safety AND efficacy of drugs, as well as control removal and advertising |
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Term
| What was the result of the Controlled Substances Act (1970) |
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Definition
| Formation of the DEA, controlled drug, fight drug trafficking, abuse, and illegal market |
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Term
| What two acts formed the DEA? |
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Definition
1. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
2. Controlled Substances Act |
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Term
| What was the CMS (Center for Medication and Medicare Services) previously called? |
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Definition
| HFCA (health financing clinical administration) |
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Term
| What is Medicare for and what funds it? |
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Definition
| Elderly and disabled, federally funded |
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Term
| What are the "parts" of Medicare individually for? |
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Definition
Part A- hospital
Part B- medical
Part D- prescription |
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Term
| What is Medicaid for and what funds it? |
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Definition
| The indigent (can't afford health care); state and federally funded, but states manage it |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the State Board of Pharmacy? |
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Definition
| To protect the public from the profession |
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Term
| What are state responsibilities for Medicaid? |
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Definition
-Enrolling patients
-Covering MD visits
-Covering medications |
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Term
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Definition
Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the state counterpart for the DEA
Govern dispensing of controls, enforce laws |
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Term
| What are the four steps to ethical problem solving? |
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Definition
1. Problem identification
2. Develop alternative courses of action
3. Select one course of action
4. Consider objections to alternative stated |
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Term
| What was a really dramatic aspect to the 1922 Code of Ethics? |
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Definition
| It stated that pharmacists should not discuss therapeutic effects of a prescription, that this was a physician's job |
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Term
| Define a conscientious objection |
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Definition
The right to refuse to participate in acts that conflict with personal ethical, moral, or religious convictions
Example: right to refuse to dispense a legitimate Rx |
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Term
| Define ethics (as in the handout) |
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Definition
First, ethics refers to well based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.
Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of one's ethical standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that actions are right or wrong according to the balance of their good or bad consequences. |
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Term
| Define nonconsequentialism |
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Definition
| The idea that some human actions are right or wrong no matter what the consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moral principle obliging us to help others and to promote their welfare. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Treat those who are equal, in relevant respects, in the same manner. Those who have a greater need may justly receive more of a particular resource than those with less need. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognition of the right of individuals to determine their own future without interference from others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Remaining faithful to our commitments, especially in keeping promises and protecting confidentiality. |
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Term
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Definition
| To tell the truth and to not lie or deceive others. |
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Term
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Definition
American Pharmacists Association
-Oldest
-Largest
-Politically active
-Publishes "Journal of American Pharmacists Association"
-Student segment- ASP |
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Term
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Definition
National Community Pharmacy Association
-Represents independent pharmacies
-Developed course on pharmacy ownership |
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Term
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Definition
American College of Apothecaries
-Selective membership (must apply)
-Interested in professional side of pharmacy (less in business)
-Knowledge dissemination and research |
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Term
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Definition
Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy
-Newest association but fast growing
-Managed care pharmacy "improving health care for all"
-Examine costs of providing care
-Pharmacists at HMO's |
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Term
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Definition
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
-Hospital and health system pharmacy
-Medication use and public health
-Accredits residency programs
-Mid-year meeting is the largest convention |
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Term
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Definition
American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
-Advance consultant and senior care pharmacy -Mandated that pharmacists is in nursing homes
-Organize brown bag events |
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Term
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Definition
American College of Clinical Pharmacy
-Selective membership (must apply)
-Advanced clinical pharmacy
-Publishes "Pharmacotherapy"
-Not focused on legislation |
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Term
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Definition
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
-Represents college faculty and administration
-Advances pharmacy education
-Evaluates work force trends
-Publishes "American Journal of Pharmacy Education" |
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Term
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Definition
National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
-State Boards of Pharmacy
-Protection of public health
-Administers the NAPLEX exam |
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Term
| Define and describe NASPA |
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Definition
National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations
-Members are OPhA, TPhA, etc
-State pharmacy associations |
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Term
| Define and describe the JCPP |
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Definition
Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners
-Represents leaders from all organizations
-Consensus building
-Don't do anything unless all agree
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Term
| What are the parts to the JCPP vision statement? |
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Definition
-Pharmacy education
-Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice
-Collaboration with other health care disciplines
-Benefits to society |
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