Term
|
Definition
| Caused by viral infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invades mucosa of upper respiratory tract causing URI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sore throat, coughing, upset stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid drips down the pharynx into the esophagus and lower respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IGE, histamine, serotonin, Chemotaxis |
|
|
Term
| nasal congestion treatment |
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 agonist: pseudoepherine and phenyleprine |
|
|
Term
| Combined treatment of common cold |
|
Definition
| antihistamine, nasal decongestants, antitussives, expectorants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early stage of common cold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Late stage of common cold |
|
Definition
| give antihistamine + nasal decongestant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SYMPTOMATIC ONLY, not curative, does not eliminate causative pathogen |
|
|
Term
| how to tell if it is a viral infection not bacterial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to tell if bacterial infection causing common cold? |
|
Definition
| mucous production and congestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| directly compete with histamine for specific receptor sites |
|
|
Term
| What are the two histamine receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H1 recepts are found in... |
|
Definition
| skin, smooth muscle of bronchioles, capillaries |
|
|
Term
| H2 receptors are found in |
|
Definition
| ONLY IN GI in stomach, associated with gastric acid secretion |
|
|
Term
| What is the triple response? |
|
Definition
| REDNESS, ITCHINESS, and EDEMA |
|
|
Term
| H2 blockers or H2 agonists? |
|
Definition
| used to reduce gastric acid in peptic ulcer disease |
|
|
Term
| h2 drug that is an enzyme inhibitor? |
|
Definition
| cimetidine ( tagamet), need to increase levels of another drug if giving cimetdine |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamines act of what type of receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticholinergic, sedative, antihistamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
block action of histamine at receptor
compete with histamine for unoccupied receptors
CANNOT PUSH HISTAMINE OFF if already bound |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamines prevent... |
|
Definition
vasodilation
increased GI secretion ( acid)
increased capillary permeability |
|
|
Term
| If you know allergy season is approaching you should load up on antihistamines because |
|
Definition
| antihistamines will bind to all the histamine receptors creating a lesser histamine reaction in the future |
|
|
Term
| Effective in prevention not reversing the effects of allergies and should be given early in treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| histamine cardiovascular effects |
|
Definition
| dilation and increased permeability ...which allows shit to leak into tissues |
|
|
Term
| antihistamine cardiovascular effects |
|
Definition
| prevent dilation and decrease permeability |
|
|
Term
| Histamine smooth muscle (exocrine gland) effects |
|
Definition
| stimulate salivary, gastric , lacrimal, and bronchial secretions |
|
|
Term
| antihistamine smooth muscle effects |
|
Definition
| DRYING UP PERSON: prevent salivary, gastric, lacrimal, and bronchial secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevents degranulation of mast cells before histamine release.
gets less reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mast cells release histamine and other substances, resulting in allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
| antihistamine immune effects |
|
Definition
| binds to histamine receptors, preventing histamine from causing a response |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamine skin effects |
|
Definition
| block capillary permeability, wheal and flare formation, and itching |
|
|
Term
| antihistamine anticholinergic effect |
|
Definition
| DRYING EFFECT: reduced nasal, salivary, and lacrimal gland |
|
|
Term
| antihistamine sedative effects |
|
Definition
| CAUSE DROWSINESS- CROSSES BBB |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamine is used for |
|
Definition
nasal allergies
seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis
allergic reactions
motion sickness
sleep disorders |
|
|
Term
| Terbinfafine/ lamisil allergy |
|
Definition
| give benadryl to reverse rxn or injection for severe rxn |
|
|
Term
| What is first line therapy for anaphylaxis? |
|
Definition
| epinephrine, NOT antihistamine |
|
|
Term
| histamine- mediated disorders |
|
Definition
| allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, drug fevers, insect bite rxns, uticaria |
|
|
Term
| what to give is sneezing and running nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Derivatives of antihistamine |
|
Definition
| can be used for nausea and vomiting bc of antiemetic effects |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamine side effects |
|
Definition
anticholinergic or antimuscarinic : DRYING EFFECT
dry mouth - decreased salivation
difficulty urinating
constipation |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| traditional and nonsedating/ peripherally acting |
|
|
Term
| Tradiational antihistamines |
|
Definition
older
work peripherally AND centrally
anticholinergic effects - more effective than nonsedating agents |
|
|
Term
| traditional antihistamine drugs |
|
Definition
Diphenhydramine ( benadryl)
Clorpheniramine( chlor- trimethon) |
|
|
Term
| Ethanolamine derivatives drugs |
|
Definition
diphenhydramine ( benadryl) - Drowsiness
dimenhydrinate |
|
|
Term
| Piperazine derivatives drugs |
|
Definition
Hydroxizine -
cyclizine
meclozine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce anxiety , itching, redness, and discomfort |
|
|
Term
| What do you prescribe to patients with anxiety neurosis that leads to itching, redness and discomfort? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motion sickness causes less drowsiness |
|
|
Term
| Alkylamine derivative drugs |
|
Definition
phenothiazines
ciproheptadine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiemetic- nausea/vomiting |
|
|
Term
| What do you gives kids who have problems eating bc feeling nausea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are second generation drugs? |
|
Definition
| Piperidine derivatives = NONSEDATING |
|
|
Term
| What antihistamine drugs are nonsedative and second generation? |
|
Definition
| piperidine derivative / terfenadine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| piperidine derivative and nonsedating |
|
|
Term
| You can get arrythmias if you take erythromycin with this drug |
|
Definition
| terfenadine/ nonsedating/ piperidine derivative |
|
|
Term
| nonsedative/ peripherally acting antihistamines |
|
Definition
eliminate sedation
works periphrally to block histamine actions
fewer CNS effects
longer duration of action ( increased compliance) |
|
|
Term
| Nonsedating/ peripherally acting antihistamine drugs |
|
Definition
fexofenadine ( allegra)
loratidine ( Claritin)
DONT CROSS BBB + LONGER ACTING |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines are contradindicated for |
|
Definition
| Acute asthma attacks and lower respiratory diseases |
|
|
Term
| antihistamines are contradindicated for |
|
Definition
Glaucoma- increased intraocular pressure even more
PUD- will make worst if not hit H2 receptor
BPH- can get urinary block |
|
|
Term
| What should pts on antihistamines not do? |
|
Definition
| driving or operating heavy machinery because it causes drowsiness |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary causes of nasal decongestion? |
|
Definition
| allergies and upper respiratory infections( common cold) |
|
|
Term
| Nasal congestion definition |
|
Definition
| excessive nasal secretions and inflamed and swollen nasal mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of decongestants used? |
|
Definition
Adrenergics
corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| What is the classic decongestant if difficulty breathing |
|
Definition
| phenylephrine ( alpha 1 agonist caused vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
delayed onset
no rebound congestion
exclusivesly adrenergics |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of oral decongestants? |
|
Definition
| phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine |
|
|
Term
| Topical nasal decongestants |
|
Definition
adrenergic and steroids
prompt onset
potent |
|
|
Term
| important thing to know about topical nasal decongestants |
|
Definition
| CAUSES REBOUND CONGESTION |
|
|
Term
| topical nasal decongestant- Adrenergics |
|
Definition
epherine ( vicks)
oxymetazoline (afrin)
naphazoline ( privine)
phenylephrine ( neo synephrine) |
|
|
Term
| topical nasal decongestants- intranasal steroids |
|
Definition
beclomethasone diproprionate ( beconase, vancenase)
flunisolide ( nasalide) |
|
|
Term
| MOA of nasal decongestant adrenergics |
|
Definition
| constrict small blood vessels which shrink tissues to allow better draining of nasal secretions in the swollen mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
| MOA of nasal decongestants - intranasal steroids |
|
Definition
anti-inflammatory
turns off immune system cell response to decrease inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic uses of nasal decongestants |
|
Definition
acute/ chronic rhinitis
common cold
sinusitis
hay fever
other allergies |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of nasal decongestant adrenergics |
|
Definition
| REBOUND NASAL STUFFINESS, nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, tremors |
|
|
Term
| side effects of nasal decongestant steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of patients should you avoid with nasal decongestants? |
|
Definition
hypertension
palpitations
CNS stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Pts should avoid what with nasal decongestants? |
|
Definition
| caffeine- shit will make it worst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induce coughing and expectoration and is initiated by irritation of sensory receptors in the resp. tract |
|
|
Term
| What are the two basic types of coughs? |
|
Definition
| productive and non productive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congested, removes excessive secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cough are antitussives only used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-opioid drugs are found _______________ and opioid drugs are for ________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of opioid cough drugs |
|
Definition
| direct action on the cough center in the medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Codeine ( robitussin A-C, deimatane- DC)
hydrocodone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| numb the stretch receptors in the resp tract and prevent the cough reflex from being stimulated |
|
|
Term
| examples of non-opioid drugs |
|
Definition
Benzonatate
dextromathorphan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anesthetic - some form of lidocaine that works as well as non-opioid |
|
|
Term
| antitussives therapeutic uses |
|
Definition
| stop the cough reflex when NONPRODUCTIVE |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of benzonatate |
|
Definition
| dizziness, headache, sedation |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of dextromathorphan |
|
Definition
| dizziness, drowsiness, nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should patients not do when on antitussive agent? |
|
Definition
| operate heavy machinery and driving |
|
|
Term
| why should you report if a cough lasts more than one week, has fever, and headache? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breaks up mucus
thin secretions |
|
|
Term
| What are the two MOA of expectorants? |
|
Definition
| direct stimulation or reflex stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Direct Stimulation of expectorants |
|
Definition
| stimulate secretory glands to increase production of resp tract fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cause irritation of GI tract so that you can
loosen and thinning of resp tract secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ronitussin - expectorant ( use with a lot of water bc water helps to break up mucus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| expectorant therapeutic uses |
|
Definition
Common cold
bronchitis
laryngitis
pharyngitis
pertussis
influenza
mesales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastric upset (elixir has high alcohol content) |
|
|
Term
| Becareful using expectorants in |
|
Definition
Elderly
asthmatics
respiratory insufficiency |
|
|
