Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharmacotherapeutics
Therapeutics Test-1
19
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 4
01/31/2018

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Dose-response curve
Definition
the level of response observed at different doses of the drug in a single patient or experiment animal
Term
Phase 1 of dose-response curve
Definition
few target cells have yet been affected by the drug; reflects the fact that not enough receptors have bound to the drug
Term
Phase 2 of dose-response curve
Definition
shows a linear relationship between the amount of drug administered and the degree of response obtained from the patient. For example, if the dose is doubled, twice as much response is obtained. This is the most desirable range of doses for pharmacotherapeutics, since giving more drug results in proportionately more effect; a lower drug dose gives less effect
Term
Phase 3 of dose-response curve
Definition
a plateau is reached in which increasing the drug dose produces no additional therapeutic response; reflects the fact that all of receptors have bound to the drug and, thus, more drug can’t produce any greater response
Term
Efficacy
Definition
the magnitude of maximal response [Phase 3 of dose-response curve] that can be produced from a particular drug
Term
Frequency distribution curve
Definition
a graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses
Term
Loading dose
Definition
a higher amount of drug, often given only once or twice to “ prime” the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug to reach a plateau more rapidly
Term
Maintenance dose
Definition
doses administered intermittently to keep the plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range
Term
Median effective dose [ED50]
Definition
the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients; sometimes used as the average or standard dose
Term
Median lethal dose [LD50]
Definition
the dose of drug that will be lethal in 50% of a group of animals in drug testing
Term
Median toxicity dose [TD50]
Definition
the dose that will produce a given toxicity in 50% of a group of patients; a more practical value than the LD50 in a clinical setting
Term
Minimum effective concentration
Definition
minimum amount of a drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect
Term
Onset of action
Definition
after drug administration, the time when the medication initially exceeds the minimum effective concentration
Term
Potency
Definition
way to compare the doses of two independently administered drugs in terms of how much is needed to produce a particular response
Term
Potency, high
Definition
a drug with will produce a particular therapeutic effect at a lower dose, compared with another drug in the same class
Term
Potency, low
Definition
a drug needs to be administered at a higher dose to produce an particular therapeutic effect that is comparable with another drug in the same class
Term
Therapeutic range
Definition
plasma drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration
Term
Therapeutic index
Definition
the ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50; the larger the difference between the two doses, the greater the therapeutic index and the safer the drug
Term
Toxic concentration
Definition
the level of drug in the plasma that will result in serious adverse effects
Supporting users have an ad free experience!