Term
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Definition
| No risk to fetus in 1st, 2nd or 3rd trimester |
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Term
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Definition
1. Animal studies show no risk but no human studies on pregnant women.
2. Animal studies have shown a risk to fetus, but studies on pregnant women have not shown harm in 2st trimester or later. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Animal studies have shown adverse effects, but no human studies done.
2. No animal or human studies available.
Use in pregnancy may be acceptable if benefits outweigh the risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Evidence of adverse effects. Use in preg may be acceptable if benefits outweigh risks. |
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Term
| Category X: Extreme danger |
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Definition
| Animal or human studies demonstrate adverse effects and fetal harm. Not for baby consumption at all. |
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Term
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Definition
FXN: lowers blood glucose. Slows HT rate. Treats CHF.
CX: Caution when taken with anti-diabetic drugs
Use with caution with insulin, sulfonylureas, tolbutamide, glipizide, glyburide (anti- diabetics) |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Anti- oxidant, anti- inflamm, treats arthritis
CX: May cause GI distress. Don't use with biliary obstruction. May cause incr bleeding with oral anti- coagulants. |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Menstrual problems
CX: Abortifacient. CX with anticoagulants or antiplatelets- may be synergistic. |
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Term
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Definition
FX:Treats constipation. Lowers cholesterol.
CX: Can cause severe gas, ST pain. Interferes with nutrient absorption. May block absorption of: Warfarin, Digoxin, Lithium.
Do not combine with Laxatives. |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Prevents thirst, soothes coughs, treats incurable chronic fatigue, Treats duodenal ulcers.
Acts like aldosterone: Blocks spironolcatone effects (potassium sparing diuretic and anti- androgen.
CX: Can lead to digoxin toxicity because it lowers aldosterone.
CX with: Renal disease, LV disease, HTN, CAD, Pregnancy, breast- feeding, thyroid drugs, hypertensives, hormonal contraceptives.
May alter effects of corticosteroids by prolonging half life. CX with cardiac glycosides because oss of potassium may incr toxicity. Speeds drug metabolism of: chloral hydrate, urethane, cocaine, picrotoxin, caffeine, pilocarpine, nicotine, barbiturates. Can treat their overdoses. |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Treats angina. arrhythmias, bp problems. Decreases cholesterol.
CX: Digoxin, ACE inhibitors. Hawthorne may potentiate their effects.
Marked cardiotonic effects like digoxin- monitor the combination. |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Anti-oxidant, prevents cancer and cardiovascular disease.
CX: with anti-coagulants. May increase bleeding.
Caffeine may be potentiated in conjunction with oral contraceptives and cimetidine.
combined with theophylline and ephedrine may lead to thermogenesis, weight loss, agitation, tremors, insomnia.
Excess caffeine combined with MAOIs can cause HTNsive crisis (phenelzine / Nardil) |
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Term
Ginseng
Ren Shen or Zi Yang Shen |
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Definition
FX: Aphrodisiac, mood elevator, tonic, anti HTN, decreases cholesterol, lowers blood glucose, adjunct in cancer chemotherapy and radiation.
CX: with anti-coagulants, aspirin, NSAIDs. Don't take for more than 3 months. May cause HA and manic episodes if taken with phenelzine, MAOIs. Additive effects with estrogens, corticosteroids. May interfere with cardiac effects of digoxin.
Not proven: induction of mani may occur in depressed pts when combined with anti- depressants.
May reduce ethanol- induced memory impairment and scopalamine induced memory registration deficit.
Reduces fasting blood glucose, thus hypoglycemia may occur when combined with diabetes drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Vascular dilation Increases blood flow to the brain. Improves cognitive fxn. Alzheimers. Anti-oxidant.
CX: Can inhibit blood clotting. Don't use with anticoagulants, Aspirin, NSAIDs. Can interact with: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, phenobarbitol, TCAs, MAOIs. |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Treats nausea, motion sickness, postoperative nausea. Affects blood clotting.
CX: May increase risk of miscarriage, don't use with anti-coagulants. |
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Term
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Definition
FXN: Treats colds, diuretic, prevents coronary disease, intestinal antiseptic, lowers blood glucose, anti-coagulant
CX: diabetes, oral anti-coagulants, known to affect blood clotting. Don't take with warfarin.
Lowers plasma glucose levels. use cautiously with insuline, sulonylureas and other diabetic drugs- may lead to hypoglycemia.
Fresh reduces minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin for vancomycin- resistant enterococci. |
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Term
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Definition
FXN: Lowers cholesterol levels, reduces blood glucose, aids in healing.
CX: antidiabetics |
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Term
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Definition
FX: Treats Colic, gout, flatulence, enhances lactation.
Taken with ciprofloxacin it may affect absorption and disposition of the antibiotic. |
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Term
| Dandelion Root (Pu Gong Ying) |
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Definition
Treats LV, KD problems, Decreases lactation after delivery or weaning, lowers blood glucose.
CX: anti- diabtetic drugs
Used with quinolone antibiotics may influence bioavailability and disposition of the antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
FXN: general tonic, treats anemias, PMS, Menopause, antiHTN, laxative
CX: Flu, hemorrhagic diseases, monitor for toxic effects in those taking: antihypertensives, vasodilators. CX: hormone replacement therapy.
Use with warfarin may potentiate effects of warfarin.
Can treat scopalamine and cycloheximide induced amnesia in rats. Treats acetominophin induced LV damage- promotes regeneration of hepatocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
Fxn: treats diabetes.
CX: atropine like side effects, uterine stimulant.
Lowers plasma glucose levels, thus cx with insulin, sulfonylureas, and other antidiabetics- may lead to hypoglycemia. Marked hepatoprotective effects for toxic metabolites from drugs such as acetominephin. |
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Term
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Definition
Fxn: treats PMS, menopausal disorders, RA, contains estrogen like compounds.
CX: hormone replacement therapy, hormonal contraceptives. Don't use during pregnancy, breast feeding. |
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Term
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Definition
Fxn: increases stamina and energy. Improves immune fxn and disease resistance.
CX: Fever, acute, infections.
May prevent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with amino glycosides |
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