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Pharmacology: Anti-Infectives
Nursing Education: Pharmacology
23
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
05/28/2009

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

gentamycin

 

 

(Garamycin)

Definition

aminoglycoside

Indications: Treatment of severe systemic infectionsof respiratory, urinary, GI, GU, CNS, bone, soft tissue, skin

Side Effects: Ototoxicity (CN VIII); nephrotoxicity; allergic reaction=fever, rash, dyspnea; use during pregnancy can result in congenital deafness

 

Nursing Considerations: IV (over 30-60 minutes) or deep IM; monitor peak & trough blood levels; balance or hearing problems: observe for & report; encourage high fluid intake

Term

 

 

doxycycline

or

minocycline

 

 

(Vibramycin, Minocin)

Definition

tetracyclines

Indications: Treatment of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillis, acne, periodontitis, malaria prevention

 

Side Effects: GI upset--diarrhea; photosensitivity; renal, hematologic, or hepatic disorders; tooth discoloration

 

Nursing Considerations: If GI symptoms, give with food (no milk products--Ca++ inhibits absorption); check patient's tongue for monilial infection (thrush); avoid through 4 months prior to birth to age 8)

Term

 

 

 

sulfasoxazole

 

                             (Gantrisin)

Definition

sulfonamides

Indications: Treatment of urinary tract, systemic infections, trachoma, chancroid, toxoplasmosis, otitis media, meningitis, ophthalmic infections.

 

Side Effects:  Headache, photosensitivity, rash, Nausea--vomiting--diarrhea; urinary crytallization (crystaluria)

 

Nursing Considerations: Force fluids, monitor I&O, check allergy history for sulfa drugs;

Term

 

 

 

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

 

(Bactrim ; Septra)

Definition

sulfonamides

Indications: Treatment of urinary tract, otitis media, acute & chronic prostatitis, shigellosis, pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, chancroid, "traveller's diarrhea."

Side Effects: Photosensitivity; hypersensitivity reaction; blood dyscrasias; skin rash

 

Nursing Considerations: stop @ first sign of skin rash; force fluids (8-10 glasses / day); PO or IV administration; IV solution administer slowly (60-90 minutes); check IV fluid compatabilities.

Term

 

 

amphotericin B

 

 

(Fungizone)

Definition

antifungal

Indications: Treatment of skin infections; histoplasmosis; meningitis in immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV).

 

Side Effects: CN VIII toxicity (hearing & balance); GI upset; blood dyscrasias; kidney, heart, & liver abnormalities; CNS disturbances.

 

Nursing Considerations: Monitor CNS, monitor for fever; monitor VS; monitor for hypokalemia; SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS: MONITOR CLOSELY!

Term

 

 

fluconazole

 

(Diflucan)

Definition

antifungal

Indications: Treatment of vaginal, esophageal, and/or systemic candidiasis

Side Effects: Nausea, abdominal pain; headache; diarrhea; metalic taste

 

 

Nursing Considerations: Interferes with oral anti-diabetic medications; potentiates warfarin (Coumadin); Oral or IV administration

Term

 

 

 

erythromycin

 

(Erythrocin)

Definition

macrolides

Indications: Treatment of chlamydia, syphillis, other infections.

 

Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; abdominal cramping

 

Nursing Considerations: Administered PO or IV; can be used in patients with compromised renal function; monitor for signs of superinfection (e.g., candidaiasis, thrush); give 1/2 hour before, or two hours after meals

Term

 

 

 

clarithromycin

 

 

(Biaxin)

Definition

macrolides

Indications: Respiratory Infections; PO;  medication treatment 7-14 days.

Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abnormal taste

 

Nursing Considerations: Take medication with food; May potentiate effects of theophylline, carbamazepine

Term

 

 

 

azithromycin

 

 

(Zithromax)

Definition

macrolides

Indications: PO or IV Treatment of mild to moderate infections of skin, respiratory tract, nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, community-acquired pneumonia; acute pharyngitis; acute tonsillitis

Side-Effects: Nausea / Vomiting / Diarrhea

 

Nursing Considerations: PO= do not take with antacids; may take with or without food; monitor for signs of super infection, e.g., diarrhea, oral ulcers or candidiasis; vaginal itching; perineal itching

Term

 

 

 

hydroxychloroquine

 

(Plaquenil)

Definition

anti-malarial

Indications: Management of malaria; systemic lupus erythromatosus; rheumatoid arthritis

 

Side-Effects: visual / eye disturbances; anorexia; nausea,vomiting

 

Nursing Considerations: administer at same time daily to maintain blood levels; for malaria prophylaxis, start 2 weeks prior to exposure & continue for 4-6 weeks post-exposure.

Term

 

 

 

quinine sulfate

Definition

antimalarial

Indications: Treatment of malaria; treatment of nocturnal leg cramps

Side Effects: Visual / eye disturbances; nausea, vomiting, anorexia

 

Nursing Considerations: take at same time each day; avoid OTC cold medication; avoid tonic water

Term

 

 

 

isoniazid

 

(INH)

Definition

antitubercular

Indications: prevention and treatment of tuberculosis; administer PO or IM; treatment generally lasts 6 month to 1 year (NINE MONTHS)

Side Effects: Liver Damage; Peripheral Neuropathy

 

Nursing Considerations:  Notify physician:Liver damage=yellow skin and/or sclera (jaundice)-- dark urine, nausea, vomiting, anorexia; fatigue; weakness; Monitor LFT's; Observe for signs of peripheral neuropathy= numbness, tingling, weakness.

Term

 

 

 

metronidazole

 

(Flagyl)

Definition

antiprotozoal

Indications: Treatment of a wide variety of infections: gram negative bacteria; trichomoniasis; giardiasis; administer PO or IV

Side Effects: Metallic taste, anorexia, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; headache; dizziness

 

Nursing Considerations: May discolor urine (dark red-brown); do not use ETOH during treatment; if IV, administer slowly (30-60 minutes); check IV compatabilities prior to coadministration.

Term

 

 

acyclovir

 

 

(Zovirax)

Definition

antiviral

Indications: Treatment of herpes, varicella

Side Effects: Blood dyscrasias; headache

 

Nursing Considerations: Administration either IV or PO; If Po, may take with or without food; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection, e.g., sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, fatigue

Term

 

 

 

valacyclovir HCL

 

(Valtrex)

Definition

antiviral

Indications: Treatment of genital Herpes, Herpes Zoster, herpetic cold sores

Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, headache

 

Nursing Considerations:  force fluids during treatment (8-10 glasses / day); avoid sexual contact during treatment

Term

 

 

 

oseltamivir phosphate

 

(Tamiflu)

Definition

antiviral

Indications: Prophylaxis (in adults) for influenza; treatment of uncomplicated acute influenza symptoms (patients symptomatic for 2 days or less). NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR FLU IMMUNIZATION.

Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting

 

Nursing Considerations: Not a substitute for flu immunization; may take with or without food

Term

 

 

 

zidovudine

 

(AZT ; Retrovir)

Definition

antiviral

Indications: Management of HIV infection; prevention of HIV following needle stick

Side Effects: Rash, Insomnia, Dyspepsia, Dizziness, Anorexia, Fever, Headache, Malaise, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea

 

Nursing Considerations: GI upset & insomnia generally go away after a few weeks to a month.

Term

 

cefadroxil

or

cefalexin

 

 

(Duracef ; Keflex)

Definition

1st Generation Cephalosporin

Indications: Treatment of respiratory tract, skin, bone infections; otitis media; UTI; endocarditis; peritonitis; tonsillitis

Side Effects: Diarrhea, GI Upset

 

Nursing Considerations: Avoid ETOH with use; maintain intestinal flora by eating yogurt or acidophillus; observe for signs / symptoms of superinfection: thrush, vaginal itching or exudate; perineal itching

Term

cefaclor

or

cefoxitan

or

cefuroxime

 

(Ceclor ; Mefoxin; Ceftin)

Definition

2nd Generation Cephalosporin

Indications: Treatment of infection, e. Coli & other bacteria; chronic bacterial prostatitis; acutte sinusitis; POSTEXPOSURE INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX (Bioterrorism)

Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, flatulence; photosensitivity; rash

 

Nursing Considerations: Contraindicated in children < 18 years old; take 2 hours after meals; avoid caffeine; push fluids= 8-10 glasses per day

Term

cefdinir

or

cefepime

or

cefotaxime

 

(Omnicef; Maxipime; Cefobid; Claforan)

Definition

third generation cephalosporins

Indications: Treatment of infections of: respiratory tract, otitis media; skin infections; bone infections; UTI, GYN infections; STD; Acute bacterial exacerbation with chronic bronchitis / COPD

Side Effects: GI: Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, anorexia

 

Nursing Considerations: avoid use of ETOH during treatment; maintain intestinal flora by eating yogurt or acidophillus; monitor for signs symptoms of superinfection

Term

 

 

 

vancomycin

 

(Lyphocin;  Vancocin; Vancoled)

Definition

glycopeptide

Indications: Treatment of resistant staph infections (e.g., MRSA), colitis, enterocolitis, endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures;

Side Effects: Hepatotoxic

 

Nursing Considerations: Monitor LFT's; administer over 30-60 minutes; "Red Man Syndrome,"= decreased BP, flushing of face & neck; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection: sore throat, fever, fatigue. Monitor blood levels: Vanco Peak & Trough--adjust administration as needed, per physician order.

Term

 

 

clindamycin

 

(Cleocin)

Definition

lincosamide

Indications: Treatment of infectiosn caused by staph stre--other organisms.

Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain; vaginitis

 

Nursing Considerations: PO IM or IV; monitor for signs & symptoms of superinfection

Term

amoxicillin

or

ampicillin

or

penicillin

 

(Amoxil; Omnipen; Bicillin; Wycillin)

Definition

penicillins

Indications: Treatment of scarlet fever; respiratory infections, otitis media; pneumonia; gonorrhea; other soft tissue infections.

 

Side Effects: Allergic reactions=fever, dyspnea, skin rash; Abnormalities of renal, hepatic, hematological systems; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

 

Nursing Considerations: Take history of drug reactions; observe for 20 minutes after injection; for PO administration take 1 hour before or two hours after meals; continue full treatment even if symptoms resolve; cross sensitivity with cephalosporins

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