Term
| Amphetamine is what kind of drug |
|
Definition
| Indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine |
|
|
Term
| Methylphenidate is what kind of drug |
|
Definition
| Indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine |
|
|
Term
| Cocaine is what kind of drug? |
|
Definition
| Indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action: Modafinil |
|
Definition
| similar to amphetamine in that it releases NE and 5HT but it also has a large activation of the wake-promoting histaminergic system |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Action: Amphetamines and related drugs |
|
Definition
it displaces DA from the synaptic vesicles by disrupting the veiscular
Massive release of NE and DA (> 5HT); disrupts the vesicular pH gradient needed to store the transmitter so that DA/NE is released into cytoplasm and pumped out into the synapse via reverse uptake |
|
|
Term
| What physiological response does release of NE from amphetamines have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What physiological response does release of DA from amphetamines have? |
|
Definition
| the "high" and addictive effect |
|
|
Term
| What physiological response does release of NE & 5HT from amphetamines have? |
|
Definition
| decrease in appetite and increase in energy expenditure |
|
|
Term
| What's the different between crystal coccaine and crack? |
|
Definition
Crystal coccaine is lipid insolube (weak base with proton -> BH+) so it is slower onset and less potent
Crack is a free base (B no charge) so that it is very lipid soluble, can be smoked, and very potent |
|
|
Term
| How does tolerance develop in D-amphetamine? |
|
Definition
| rapid depletion of vesicular DA and NE and 5HT stores |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral effects of amphetamine |
|
Definition
| mixture of alpha and B adrenergic receptor activation |
|
|
Term
| T or F: amphetamine creates severe psychological dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uses for D amphetamine and methylphenidate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since amphetamines and related drugs are addictive, what kind of drug can be used alternatively to tx hypersomnia and ADHD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two drugs can tx obesity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mechanism of action: sibutramine |
|
Definition
| inhibits NE and 5HT uptake therefore enhances satiety and thermogenesis |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of action: orlistat |
|
Definition
| inhibits absorption of fat as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| mechanismo of action; cocaine |
|
Definition
| blocks re-uptake of DA, NE, and 5-HT |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for addictive properties of crack? |
|
Definition
| increase of DA in synapse due to inhibited re-uptake |
|
|
Term
| Theophylline is what kind of drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caffeine is what kind of drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action for methylxanthines |
|
Definition
| stimulate CNS by competitive inhibition of CNS adenosine receptors (A1 and A2). A1 inhibits transmitter release via K channels and is located pre- and post synaptically |
|
|
Term
| Which CNS stimulant is used principally to treat the primary apnea of prematurity? |
|
Definition
| mehtylxanthines caffeine or theophylline by stimulating respiratory centers of medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| 3 main CNS affects of the methylxanthines |
|
Definition
| caffeine and theophylline 1. increase alterness 2. stimulate respiration 3. convulsive potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action: Nicotine |
|
Definition
| increasing release of NTs but mainly DA, by targeting (alpha4)2(beta2)3 subunit of CNS nicotinic receptor |
|
|
Term
| Nicotine toxicity effects |
|
Definition
depolarizing blockade
receptor desensitization at autonomic ganglia and NMJs -> peripheral cardiovascular collapse, muscle weakness and respiratory failure |
|
|
Term
| What are two drugs that can help treat nicotine addiction? |
|
Definition
| Bupropion and Varenicline |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of bupropion |
|
Definition
| a non-sedative atypical Antidepressant, it has DA releasing aspects that help nicotine addiction |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of action: varenicline |
|
Definition
| selective partial agonist of the same receptor subunit that nicotine activates thereby reducing reinforcing properties while simultaneously attenuating withdrawal |
|
|
