warfarin

Coumadin

drug class: anticoagulant

Use: tx of venus thrombosis, pulomonary embolism, atrial fibilrillation

Adverse reaction:interferes with blood clotting and depresses hepatic synthesis of the vit. k dependent coagulant factors

omezprazole

Prilosec

drug class:proton pump inhibitor

 Use: Inhibits gastric acid secretion, helps tx GERD along with antibiotics

1st proton inhibitor marketed

Tegretol

drug class: anticonvulsant

use: tx of trigeminal nerve neuralgia, tonic clonic seizures, partial and mixed seizures, and bi-polar disorder

Mechanism of Action: blocks sodium channels

adverse reactions:  aplasctic anemia, agranulocytosis occurs in elderly when tx for trigeminal neuralgia, chewable tab's are high in sugar and can cause caries

Dry mouth, glossitis

Glucotrol

drug class: sec. generation oral antidiabetic

also known as sulfonylureas

mechanism of action: stimulates the release of insulin from the Beta cells in the pancreas

Use: Tx of NIDDM type II

Drug class: adrenergic specific B2 agonist, broncodilator

reversible airway obstruction

Side effects: tachycardia, xerostomia

oral, inhalation, nebulizer

Elavil

Drud class:  antidepressant

Use:  relief of symptoms related to depression and when sedation is desired

mechanism of action:  Increases serotonin and or norepinephrine, by inhibiting their reuptake

the most anticholineric and sedating antidepressant and pronounced effect on cadiovascular system

Depakote

drug class: anticonvulsant

MOA: acts on sodium and potassium channels

Side effects: second phase of platelet aggregation inhibited-gingival bleeding may occur without gingival enlargement

Benedryl

drug class:  antihistamine H1 receptor antagonist

Use: allergic reactions, antiemetic, topically for pallative tx. may be used as a local anesthetic.

Metaformin

drug class: antidiabetic/ oral hypogylcemic/biguanide group

MOA: inhibits the production of glucose from the liver.  stimulation of glycolsis. Slows glucose absorption from the GI tract.

Side effects: may interfere with B12 absorption, include a metallic taste

Zoloft

Drug class:  antidepressant, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Use: major depressant disorders, OCD, PMDD, social anxiety

Side effects:  Problems with SSRI-anorgasmia

Thorazine

drug class:  antipsychotic

Use:  Major psychoses, tx. of scizophrenia, nausea and vomiting, anxiety before pre-op surgery, blood disease porphyria, tx. of tetanus, intractable hiccups, combative and hyperexcitable children behavior

(1-12 years )

Trimaterene+HCTZ

Dyazide

drug class:  potassium sparing

use:  alone or with other diuretics to tx. edema and hypertension

MOA: opposite effect than thiazide diuretics reduces the amount of potassium loss/prevents hypokalemia and increases potassium retention

prochlorperazine/compazine

Drug class: antipsychotic/ antiemetic

Use: nausea and vomiting

MOA: blocks postsynaptic  mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2

side effects: trismus, low WBC, sedation, drug induced parkinsons disease. akathisia- feeling of restlessness, a compelling need to be constant motion

Busiprone

BuSpar

drug class:  antianxiety

use: depressant/smoking cessation

MOA: anxioselective without hypnotic, anticonvulsant or relaxant properties; does not affect driving skills believed to act on neurotransmitters in the brain; serotonin, dopamine.  First pass metabolism

midazolam

Versed 

Drug class: benzodiazepine

water soluable, used parenterally to tx tonic clonic seizures/status epilepticus, general anesthetic

Lanoxin

drug class:  antiarrythmic/cardiac gylcoside

use: Tx of congestive heart failure

MOA: reduces edema by the increased pumping action of the heart, increases circulation in the kidneys, mobilizing edema from the tissues, increasing diuresis. indirect not direct effect on kidneys; improving the hearts pumping action

Zyretec

drug class:  competitive antagonist for peripheral H1 receptors-antihistamine

use: peripheral nonsedating antihistamine

MOA:  competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on the effector cells in the GI tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract

diltiazem

Cardizem 

Drug class: Calcium channel blocker

Use:  Hypertension, chronic stable angina, or other arrythmias

MOA: dilates coronary and peripheral arteries and produces relaxation of the coronary vascular smooth muscle

side effect: gingival enlargment

Lipitor

drug class: antilipemic agent HMG Co-A reducatase

use: tx. of abnormal lipids or primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, increases the anticoagulant effect of coumadin

Tenormin

drug class: B-adrenergic blocking agent/selective beta blocker

Use: tx. of angina pectoris, hypertension

MOA:  blocks the catecholamine stimulation, reducing the chronotropic and inotropic effects resulting in a reduced myocardial oxygen demand

Thiazide

drug class: diuretic

use: tx. of hypertension

MOA: inhibits the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubule and part of the assending loop of Henle. dilates arteriole smooth muscle by direct relaxation and a reduction of BP with a reflex that increases cardiac function

side effects: lichenoid eruptions resemble lichen planus, hypokalemia, hypergylcemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia

Atrovent

drug class:  anticholinergic, broncodilator

use: long term management of COPD

Inhaled

side effects: dry mouth, bad taste

Zolpidem

Ambiem

Drug class: antianxiety sedative-hypnotic

Use. sleeping pill, short term management of insomnia great for dental procedures

Dilantin

drug class: anticonvulsant/antiarrthymic properties

Use: tonic clonic grand mal seizures status epilepticus, non sedating, trigeminal neuralgia, gingival overgrowth may be caused from folate or vit.c dificinency, alteration in adrenal gland.

phenytoin may cause a vit. D and folate deficinency which may cause oral ulcerations

K-DUR

drug class: potassium electrolyte

use: needed for potassium sparing diuretic therapy

MOA: neded for adequate transmission of nerve impulses and cardiac contraction, renal function and intracellular ion maintenance

Lasix

drug class: loop diuretic

use: pulmonary edema, edema CHF, liver disease

MOA: acts on the loop of Henle to inhibit the reabsorption of chloride and sodium with resultant diuresis

Romazicon 

drug class: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

use: reverses the effects of benzodiazepine used in conscious sedation and general anesthesia, tx of benzodiazepine overdose

vasotec

drug class: Angiotensisin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)

MOA: Angiotensisin II (causes vasoconstriction, and adrenal gland to release aldosterone causing fluid retension; blocking these events dialtes arteriole vennous vessels and decreases BP

Side effect: Dry hacking cough

Bonine

drug class:antiemetic-antihistamine

Use: motion sickness/vertigo

Bupropion

Zyban/Wellbutrin

Drug Class:  Antidepressant

Use:  Management of depression smoking cessation

Inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Bupropion is unique in that its major effect is on dopamine, an effect which is not shared by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs

NSAIDs

Non-narcotics

Motrin- Ibuprophen

Aleve/Naprosyn-Naproxen

Ketoprofen-Orudis

Diflunisal-Dolobid

Flurbiprofen-Ansaid

Adverse Reactions:

     Coumadin unpredictable bleeding

     Lithium blood levels increase causing toxicity 

Celecoxib

Rofecoxib

Celebrex

 Vioxx

Drug Class:  Non-narcotic COX-2 Inhibitors

(COX-2 is an enzyme that produces prostaglandins)

Use:  "Super asprins" osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Act on opioid receptors:Mu Delta Kappa

Pharm. Effects: Analgesia, Euphoria, Sedation, Cough Supression, Constipation

Adverse Reactions: Respiration depression,

Nausea, vomiting, dependence addiction

Meperidine

Demerol

Drug class: Narcotic

Like morophine

Schedule II

Use: Commonly used for post operative pain

Fentanyl

Sufentanil

Alfentanil

Drug class:  narcotics

Use:  Short acting IV Pre-operative systemic analgesia as well as conscious sedation

Vicodin, Lorcet, Lortab 

Drug class: Narcotic

Vicodin/Lorset=Hydrocodone + acetoaminphen

Vicoprophen=Hydrocodone +  ibuprophen

Use: Most common drug used to manage dental pain

Tylenol #3 

Drug class: Narcotic 

Use:  Dental pain

Percocet or Tylox

Drug class:  Narcotic

Use: Pain

Narcan

Naloxone

Used to reverse the effects respiratory depression due to a narcotic OD

Emergency TX drug

Antibiotic

Narrow Spectrum

Gram + and anaerobes

It is one of the most commonly prescribed penicillins. The usual dose of penicillin VK to treat common oral infections is 500 mg tablets, with a dose of 2 tablets to start, then one four times daily for seven days.

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Drug class:  Antibiotic

Broader spectrum than Pen. VK

Amino penicillins (Amoxicillin/Ampicillin)

Amoxicillin

Great for SBE (Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis)

Kills Staph and Strep

amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

Augmentin

Drug class:  Antibiotic

Use:  Effective in eradicating penicillinase-producing bacteria.

Drug class:  Antibiotic

Bacteristatic-inhibits bacterial cell growth and not cell wall synthesis

Use: S. Aureus, Sterp. viridans and bacteroides

Associated with pseudomembranous colitis

Cefoperazone

Cefotaxime

Rrecommended by the American Heart Association as alternative antibiotics for SBE prophylaxis.

Flagyl

Antimicrobial properties BUT NOT an Antibiotic

Active against Periodontal disease-both protozoa and bacteroides, Fusobacterium--

A. Actinomyctemcomitans has been detected

CAN NOT DRINK ALCOHOL

Z-Pak or Zithromax

Drug class:  Macrolide

Atridox-Brand name for the doxycycline gel, which is used to treat periodontal disease

Periostat-Brand name for the systemic form of doxycycline used to treat periodontal disease

Vibramycin

Member of Tetracycline family

SBE Prophylaxis Dosage

Amoxicillin 2g 1 hr before tx

(Same for a prosthetic joint replacement)

Clindamyacin 600 mg 1 hr before tx

Ampicillin 2g 30 min before tx

Mycelex

Drug class:  Antifungal

Mycostatin

Drug class:  Antifungal

Fluconazole

Ketoconazole

Diflucan

Nizoral

Drug class: Systemic antifungal

Use:  Tablets are prescribed for the treatment of esophageal and oropharyngeal fungal infections.

Acyclovir

Peneciclor

Zovirax-Tx of labial herpes

Denavir

Drug class:  Antiviral

Gastrointestinal Drugs

H-2 Histamine Blocker

Reduces secretion of hydrochloric acid by blocking histamine

Ranitine (Zantac)

Cimetidine (Tagament)

Famotidine (Pepcid)

amoxicillin

clarithromycin

metronidazole

tetracycline