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PHARMACOLOGY
n/a
81
Health Care
Not Applicable
10/24/2010

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Cards

Term
when the action of one drug increases the effect of the second drug its called:
Definition
potentiation
Term
what reduces the absorption of tetrecycline (antibiotic)?
Definition
the calcium in milk
milk products
Term
whats an example of potentiation and why?
Definition
anticoagulants and aspirin because both drugs together increase the risk for bleeding
Term
what reduces the absorption of warfarin (anticoagulant)?
Definition
vitamin K (dark-green leafy vegetables)
Term
drugs with a systemic effect include:
and travel through:
Definition
narcotics for pain relief
(must travel through the bloodstream to effect cells or tissues)
Term
drugs with a local effect include:
Definition
eye, nose, and ear drops
lozenges
skin ointments
suppositories
Term
drugs that prevent a receptor response or block a normal cellular response are called:
Definition
antagonists
Term
drugs that combine with a specific receptor to cause a pharmacologic response are called:
Definition
agonist
Term
the order in which ORAL drugs are absorbed:
Definition
from the gastorintestinal tract to the liver to the systemic circulation
Term
where does the metabolism of most drugs take place in?
Definition
liver
Term
whats OTC?
Definition
over the counter
Term
find the term for:
use of many prescribed and OTC drugs at the same time
Definition
polypharmacy
Term
where does the absorption take place for oral medication?
Definition
stomach or intestine
Term
whats an example of oral medication absorbed by the stomach?
Definition
anitibiotics
Term
where does absorption take place when taking a sublingual medication?
Definition
mouth
Term
whats a drug example of a medication absorbed in the mouth?
Definition
nitroglycerin
Term
where does absorption occur when taking topical medication?
Definition
skin
Term
whats a drug example asorbed by the skin?
Definition
hydrocortisone ointment
Term
where does the absorption of a vaginal medication occur?
Definition
vagina
Term
whats an example of a medication absorbed by the vagina?
Definition
nystatin (antifungal)
Term
where is the rectal medication absorbed?
Definition
rectum
Term
whats an example of a medication absorbed by the rectum?
Definition
acetaminophen
Term
where is a intradermal medication absorbed?
Definition
just under the skin
Term
whats an example of an absorbed intradermal medication?
Definition
TB
Term
where is the subcutaneous medication absorbed?
Definition
subcutaneous tissue
Term
whats an example of an absorbed subcutaneous medication?
Definition
insulin
Term
where is the intramuscular medication absorbed?
Definition
muscle
Term
whats an example of an absorbed intramuscular medication?
Definition
meperidine
Term
where does an intravenous medication absorbed?
Definition
blood
Term
whats a example of an absorebed IV medication?
Definition
antibiotics
Term
pharmacokinetic:

what are some changes in distribution for older adults?
Definition
decreased lean body weight
increased body fat
decreased serum albumin levels
Term
pharmacokinetics:

what are some changes in metabolism for older adults?
Definition
reduced liver blood flow
decreased metabolism of drugs
Term
pharamacokinetic:

what are some changes in excretion for older adults?
Definition
reduced kidney blood flow
decreased glomerular filtration rate
Term
pharmacokinetic:

what are some changes in absorption for older adults?
Definition
decreased gastric empting time
decreased gastric PH
Term
the studyof how drugs are processed by the body is called:
Definition
pharmacokinetics
Term
what are the 4 specific processes of pharmacokinetics?
Definition
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
Term
the study of drugs and thier uses in the body:
Definition
pharmacology
Term
definition for chemical name
Definition
describes chemical compounds and molecular structure of the drug

also a longer name for drugs
Term
also known as nonproprietary or shorter name for drugs:
Definition
generic name
Term
what a trade name?
Definition
also a brand name, identifies drug sold by a specific manufacturer
Term
what is an official name for a drug?
Definition
usually is the trade name and are listed in UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEDIA-NATIONAL FORMULARY (USP-NF)
Term
what is the 1st step in the passage of a drug through the body?
Definition
absorption
Term
after a drug is absorbed it is _________ to various organs and tissues
Definition
distributed
Term
what are 3 factors that affect distribution?
Definition
blood flow
plasma protein binding
blood-brain barrier
Term
within minutes of absorption into blood stream, a drug is delivered where?
Definition
heart
liver
kidney
brain
Term
what identifies and regulates the manufacture and sale of narcotics and dangerous drugs?
Definition
the controlled substances act of 1970
Term
what is pharmacodynamics?
Definition
the study how drugs produce thier effects in the body to result in a pharmacologic response
Term
what are 12 common therapies?
Definition
aloe
black cohosh
chamomile
echinacea
feverfew
garlic
gingko
ginseng
golden seal
saw palmetto
st. johns wort
valerian
Term
when two drugs are given together, and cause a greater response than each drug seperately its called:
Definition
synergism
Term
effects develop when two drugs with similar actions are taken is called:
Definition
additive
Term
idionsyncratic effect can usually be:
Definition
opposite response of desired effect
also known as an unexpected response
Term
what can toxic effects cause?
Definition
persistent vomiting, or organ damage
Term
what are factors that contribute to variables in drugs response?
Definition
age
body weight
genetics
ethnicity
disease conditions
Term
schedule for controlled substances:

under what schedule does drugs with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use fall in?
Definition
schedule 3
Term
what are examples of schedule 3?
Definition
drugs containing opiod plus a non-narcotic (vicoin, lortab)
Term
schedule for controlled substances:

what schedule does drugs with high abuse potential and accepted medical use fall in?
Definition
schedule 2
Term
what are examples of schedule 2?
Definition
opioid analgesics (morphine, codeine, meperidine), cocaine, amphetamines
Term
schedule for controlled substances:

what schedule does drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use fall in?
Definition
schedule 1
Term
what are some examples for schedule 1?
Definition
heroin and peyote
Term
schedule for controlled substances:

what schedule does drugs with low abuse potential and accepted medical use fall in?
Definition
schedule 4
Term
what are some examples for schedule 4?
Definition
benzodiazepines
Term
schedule for controlled substances:

what schedule does drugs with limited abuse potential and accepted medical use fall in?
Definition
schedule 5
Term
what are some examples of schedule 5?
Definition
nacotics used in amall amounts or antitussive and antidiarrheal purposes
Term
decreased serum albumin levels in the older adult would effect which part of the pharmacokinetic process?
Definition
distribution
Term
the nurse recieves the following order: Lasix 40 PO BID. Dr. Lowe. what action should the nurse take?
Definition
call the physician for a complete dosage
Term
what drugs would indicate a synergistic drug response?
Definition
two different antihypertensive drugs
Term
what should the nurse do to prevent a medication error?
Definition
question the use of multiple tablets to provide a single dose
Term
in which of the following clients is an adverse drug reaction most likely to occur?

a) a 4yr old with croup
b) a 35 yr old with pneumonia
c) a 50 yr old with kidney disease
d) a 60 yr old with osteoarthritis
Definition
a 50 yr old with kidney disease
Term
whats the order for drugs absorption route from most rapid to least rapid?
Definition
intravenous
sublingual
intramuscular
subcutaneous
oral
transdermal
Term
the physician prescribes vicodin for a patient experiencing pain, under what category of controlled substances is this drug found in?
Definition
schedule 3
Term
what is the most important factor in administering medications to a 1 yr old infant?
Definition
weight of the child
Term
when digoxin (lanoxin) is started a larger than normal dose may be given, this is called a:
Definition
loading dose
Term
the nurse is reviewing information on a medication in a drug hand book and notices that the drug is teratogenic, which of the following clients should not recieve this medication?
Definition
pregnant clients
Term
whats stat order?
Definition
an order that has to be given imidiately one time only
Term
when does an asap medication have to be given?
Definition
within 30 minutes of order
Term
whats a one time order or single order?
Definition
a medication order that has to be given only one time
Term
whats a standing order?
Definition
a standing order is a routine order
Term
whats a prn order?
Definition
an as needed order
Term
every when does an order need to be renuewed if it contains narcotics in it?
Definition
every 72 hours
Term
what are the essential parts of drug order?
Definition
full name of client
date and time order written
name of drug to be administered
dosage of drug
route of administration
frequency of administration
signature of person writing order
Term
when are routine orders usually started?
Definition
within 2 hrs of being ordered
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