Term
| celecoxib-cox-2 inhibitors/celebrex |
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Definition
Celebrex (NSAIDS)
inhibits the pathway for the LT and PG enzyme-blocks chemical activity
inflammation for osteoarthritis, actue pain sumptoms, primary dysmenorhea
causes GI distress, ulceration, bleedings, renal failure
alcohol-addictive effect and GI bleeding, anticoagulants=platelet inhibition=bleeding, Aspirin=reduce NSAIDS absorption, GI toxicity |
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Definition
Antigout
reduces the inflammatory response to the deposits of urate crystals, inhibits leukocyte metabolism
acute attack=gout
short-term leukopenia, bleeding-Gi and urinary tracts, renal failure |
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Definition
Azulfidine (antirheumatoid)DMARDS
inhibit the movement of various cells into inflamed joints, prevent the progression of the disease
indication- RA
must be taken on an empty stomach |
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Term
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Definition
Opioids
binds ot pain receptors in teh brain, acts on CNS
strong pain postop
constipation, respiratory depression/arrest, itching, urine retention, GI issues
interaction- other CNS depressants
antidote is Naloxone (narcan) |
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Definition
Demerol (opioid)
binds to pain receptor in brain, acts on CNS
strong pain postop
be careful in older patients
seizures caused by neurometabolite, morphine SE
interacts with other CNS depressants
antidote is naloxone (narcan) |
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Term
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Definition
tylenol (non-opoids)
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, blocks peripheral pain impulses
mild to moderate pain and fever
acute overdose can cause hepatic necrosis (liver); chronic long-term ingestion of large doses can cause nephropathy (kidney)
alcohol-increased liver toxicity
antidote is acetycysteine- prevents hepatoxic metabolites of acetaminophen from forming |
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Term
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Definition
barbituate
reduction of the nerve impulses in brain stem, potentiates GABA
prevention-tonic clonic seizures and fever induced convulsions; used as hypnotics, sedatives, and anticonvulsants, reduction of ICP in neuro pts, NICU hyperbilirubimenia
sever liver disease, significant resp dificulties
habit-forming deprive of REM, enzyme induction=increase drug metabolism and breakdown
interaction w/ additive CNS depression with other CNS depressants; interaction d/t hepatic enzyme induction |
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Term
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Definition
Ambien (benzodiazepines)
they inhibit stimulation of the brain
sedation, sleep, induction, skeletal muscle, and anxiety relief, alcholo withdrawl
2-4 wks or less d/t rebound insomnia and severe withdrawl, pregnancy, glaucoma
frail elderly pts (drowsiness=fall), hangover effect= palpitations, dry mouth, N/V, hypokinesia and occasional nightmares because benzodiazepines effect the normal sleep cycle, not REM
grapefruit or grapefruit juice; additive CNS depression with ither CNS depressants
rebound insomnia can occur if you treat longer than 2-4 wks |
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Term
| baclofen/lioresal/atrofen |
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Definition
lioresal, atrofen (muscle relaxant)
depress nerve transmissionin the spinal cord or enhance GABAs inhibitory effect of the spinal cord, do not work directly on muscle, work within CNS
spinal cord or CP, muscle spasms, MS
euphoria, lightheadednessm dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness
additive CNS effects with other CNS depressants
patient at risk for falls d/t side effects. |
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Term
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Definition
dilantin (antiepileptics)
stabilize neurons and keep from becoming hyperexcited adn generating excessive nerve impulses to adjacent neurons
indication: tonic clonic seizures and partial body seizures
do use with pregnancy; avoid alcohol
dilantin facies=facial hair, acne, gingival hyperplasia, drowsiness, osteoporosis
interaction- too many so constanyl draw blood d/t small therapeutic index
must take drugs life long; taper off if discontinuing |
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Term
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Definition
tergrtol (antiepileptics)
causes autoinduction by increasing its own metabolism
indication: tonic clonic seizures, simple and complex partial seizures
dont use wiht preganacy or alcohol
drowsiness
too many to mention for SE, draw blood |
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Term
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Definition
valium (antiepileptics)
stabilize neurons and keep them from becoming hyperexcited adn generating excessive nerve impulses to adjacent neurons
indicaiton: status elileptics (seizure that doesnt stop)
dont use with pregnancy or alcohol
drowsiness
too many interactions to mention, take blood |
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Term
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Definition
haldol- high potency (antipsycotic)
block dopamine
decrease hallucinations and delusions but does not help apathy, social withdrawl
lower doses in older patients
tends to have less sedation, more EPS:dystonic, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, photosensitivity
most comme antipsycotic drugm benadryl or cognetin given to treat EPS effects |
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Term
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Definition
thorazine - low potency
block dopamine
SE orthostatic hypotension, more sedation, decreased gag reflex, along with EPS effects listed above adn anticholiergic effects
cogentin or benadryl given to treat EPS |
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Term
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Definition
clozaril
regulate serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine
helps with negative and positive symptoms, fewer side effects than conventional
SE:agranulocytosis so cant fight infection, weight gain, NMS, photosensitivitym cardiac probs |
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Term
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Definition
zyprexa
regulate serotonin
helps with neg and pos symptoms, fewer side effects than conventional
weight gain, NMS, photosensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
cogentin
treatment of EPS dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsoniam
anticholinergic effect= severe impaction and urinary retention constipation, dry eyes, mouth |
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Term
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Definition
benadryl (antihistamine)
treatment for EPS:dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism |
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Term
| Lithium carbonate/lithobid |
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Definition
lithobid (mood stabilizers)
indication: bipolar disorder and other mood disorders, sedation
dehydration will lead to lithium toxicity which could lead to seizures, coma, death, goiter, and hypothyroidism
good renal fx, close monitoring or lith levels, adn essential fluid balance and normal salt intake it key |
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Term
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Definition
tegretol (mood)
mood stabilizer, anticonvulsant
anemia is SE
montior blood levels |
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Term
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Definition
ativan (benzodiazepine- antianxiety)
increase GABA to relax pt
indication: anxiety, detox, sleep
SE: drowsiness/sedation, ataxic gait, slurred speech, sddictive so seizures relatiod to withdrawl up to a week after use
interaction: safe when not overused, no mix with alcohol, or other sedating drugs
because of addiction potential, encourage other coping methods first |
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Term
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Definition
librium (benzodiazepine)
increase GABA to relax pt
for anxiety, detox, and sleep
drowsiness, ataxic gait, slurred speech, seizures to withdrawl for up to week
interactionL said with not mixed with alcohol or other sedatives
encourage other coping methods first |
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Term
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Definition
eldepryl (MAOIs)
MAO-inhibitor, inhibits breakdown of dopamine, which increases levels
used in combination with levodopa
avoid tyramine-containing foods- cheese effect (can lead to HTN) |
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Term
| levodopa-caridopa/sinemet |
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Definition
sinemet (dopaminergics)
increase amt of dopamine
levadopa is precursor to dopamine and is able to cross blood brain barrier. carbadopa prevents the breakdown of levadopa
PD
SE syncope, rhinorrhea and abd pain
interaction: decreased efficact of the dopaminergic drug, a hypertensive crisis, and reversal of the dopaminergics effect, when takes with dopaminergic drugs, especially non-selective MAIOs |
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Term
| benzotropine mesylate/cogentin |
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Definition
cogentin (anticholinergics)
too much ACh can cause muscle tremors and muscle rigidity (cogwheel rigidity), therefore anticholinergics help block ACh
used as a antidyskinetic agents to treat muscle tremors and rigidity
confusion, cant pee, cant see, cant spit, cant shit, dilated pupils
interaction: additive CNS effect, therapeutic effects of anticholinergics decrease with antacids |
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Term
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Definition
ritalin/concerta (CNS stimulants)
increase effects of both norepinephrine and dopamine in CNS synapses by increasing their release and blocking their reuptake
ADHD-indication adn narcolepsy
SE: weigt loss, strong potential for drug tolerance and dependence, increase HR and BP
interaction: additive with othe rCNS stimulants- coffee, tea, cola
watch ht, wt, nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
meridia (obesity)
suppress apetite control centers in brain
increase HR and BP
additive effect with other CNS stimulants0 coffee, tea, cola |
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Term
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Definition
imitrex (migraine)
causes vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries
increase BP and HR
addive effect with other CNS stimulants- coffee, cola.. |
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Term
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Definition
prozac (SSRI)-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
raises serotonin levels
indication: depression, panic, anxiety, PMS, social phobias, addictions, pain, OCD
SE: sexual, HA, insomnia, tremors, sedation, wt loss/gain
do not mix with MAOI with SSRI=surge of serotonin causes confusion
black box warnings relate to possible suicidal impulses |
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Term
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Definition
zoloft (SSRI)
raises serotonin levels
depression, panic, anxiety, PMS, social phobias, addictions
sexual side effects, insomnia, tremorsm sedation, wt gain/los
black box warnings |
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Term
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Definition
elavil (TCA)
cardiac probs, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects, suiceid- SE
Easily OD |
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Term
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Definition
Nardil (MAOI)- monoamine oxidase inhibitor
SE: hypertensive crisis (stiff neck, high BP, severe HA, low tyramine diet
interaction- do not mix with SSRI= confusion |
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Term
| bupropion/wellbutrin/zyban |
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Definition
wellbutrin/zyban
work on 2 neurotransmitters-norepi and serotonin
zyban-for nicotine addiction
dont use with patient with seizures or anorexia b/c lowers seizure threshold
can cause priapism-erection longer than 2 hours |
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Term
| what are the the two opioids |
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Definition
| analgesics-morphine sulfate and meperidine HCl/demerol |
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Term
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Definition
| analgesics-acetaminophen/tylenol |
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Term
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Definition
| Antiinflammator: celebrex/celecoxib-COX2 inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| colchicine (antiinflammatory) |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfasalazine/azulfidine (antiinflamatory) |
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Term
| What are the antiepileptics? |
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Definition
| dilantin, tegretol, valium |
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Term
| What are the muscle relaxants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ritalin/concerta, sibutramine/meredia, and sumatriptan/imitrex |
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Term
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Definition
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Prozac and zoloft |
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Term
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Definition
| tricuclic antidepressant: elavil |
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Term
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Definition
| monoamine oxidase inhibitor: phenolzine/nardil |
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Term
| What are the newer or atypical antidepressants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sinemet (antiparkinsonian) |
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Term
| What is anticholinergics? |
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Definition
| cogentin (antiparkinsonian) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are mood stabilizers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are typical or convential antipshchotics? |
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Definition
| haldol (high potency) and thorazine (low potency) |
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Term
| What are atypical or newer antipsychotics? |
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Definition
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