Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| management of generalized tonic-clonic, complex partial seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplement for se in the wasting syndrome in chronic renal failure, uremia,impaired metabolic functions of the kidney, dialysis: labeled for OC as a dietary supplement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention and treatment of scurvy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necessary for collagen formation and tissue repair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in some oxidation-redution reactions as well as other metabolic pathways, such as synthesis of carnitine steroids and catecholamine and conversion of folic acid to folinic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1%-10% renal: hyperoxaluria with large doses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive level of oxalic acid or oxalates inthe urine |
|
|
Term
| viatin c drug interactions |
|
Definition
| no significant effects or complications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a sugar acid that readily undergoes oxidation to form dehydroascorbic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| citrus fruits, green peppers, tomatoes,strawberries,broccoli, raw cabbage, baked potatoes and papaya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flumazenil; indication/use |
|
Definition
| benzodiazepine antagonist: reverses effects of benzodiazepine used in conscious sedation and general anesthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex. Does not antagonize the CNS effect of drugs affecting GABA-ergic neurons by means other than the benzodiazepine receptor: patients who are showing signs of serious cyclic-antidepressant over dosage. |
|
|
Term
| vitamin B complex side effects |
|
Definition
| CNS somnoence, itching, bloating constipation,diarrhea,flatulence,nausea,vomiting, thrombosis,paresthesia and allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
| vitamin B complex deficiency |
|
Definition
| angular cheiosis and glossitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
vitamin B2 deficiency (riboflavin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vitamin B3 Niacin deficiency |
|
Definition
| pellegra, glossitis, dimensia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helps synthesis clotting factor II,VII,IX,X |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention & treatment of hypoprothrombinemia ( caused by malabsorption or inability to synthesize ?) .caused boumarin derivative induced or other drug induced deficiency, hmorrhagic disease of a newborn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypotension,flushing, dizziness,scleroderma,abnormal taste, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K mechanism of action |
|
Definition
| promotes live synthesis of clotting factors II,VII,IX,X,however the exact mechanism is unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this drug may diminish the anticoagulant effect of coumadin dervatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypertension, chronic stable angina from oronary artery spasm,atrial fibrillation or atrial ltter,supraventricular tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| edaem, headache, bradycardia, hypotension, vasodiltion, flushing, dizziness,nervousness, rash, constipation, vomiting, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| cardizem dental implications |
|
Definition
| xerostomia,dysgeusia, gingival enlargement |
|
|
Term
| cardizem route of administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of abnormal lipids, or primary prevention of cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces production of mevalonic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| headache, dizziness, abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| lipitor route of administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| triamterene (HCTZ) drug class |
|
Definition
| potassium-sparing diuretic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| triamterene ( diazide) use |
|
Definition
| alone or in combination wih other diuretics in treatment of edema and hyertension, decrease potassium excreation caused by kaliuretic diuretics |
|
|
Term
| diazide (triamterene) action |
|
Definition
| interferes with potassium/soium exchange in the distal tubue, cortical collecting tubule and collecting duct by inhibiting sodium, potassium-ATPhse,decrease calcium excretion, increase magnesium loss |
|
|
Term
| diazide (triamterene) adverse reaction |
|
Definition
| hypotension, edema, CF,bradycardia, dizziness, headache, fatique constipation, nausea, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| compazine (prochlorperazine) drug class |
|
Definition
| antiemitic, antipsychotic agent |
|
|
Term
| compazine (prochlorperazine) use |
|
Definition
| management of nausea and vomiting, psychotic disorders including schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks dopaminergic receptors in the brain |
|
|
Term
| compazine adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| cardiac arrest, hypotension, peripheral edema. impairment of temperature, lwer than normal white blood cell count,excessive sweating |
|
|
Term
| compazine oral/dental considerations |
|
Definition
| xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, tardive dyskinesia |
|
|
Term
| glucotrol (glipizide) drug class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucotrol (glipizide) action |
|
Definition
| includes stimulation of the release of insulin from the cells of the pancreas, reduction of glucose from the liver, reduction of seru glucagon levels, and increasing the sensitivity of the target tissues to insulin, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. |
|
|
Term
| glucotrol (glipizide) use |
|
Definition
| treatment of NIDDM type II, who cannot be treated with diet and exercise alone and/or unable or willng to take insulin. Most often used in patients who are 50 or more in age. It is adjunct to diet for the control of hyperglycemia and its associated symptomatology. First line of treatment for Type II diabetes when used individually. |
|
|
Term
| glucotrol (glipizide) adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| blood dyscrasias, gastrointestional disturbances, cutaneous reactions, and liver damage. |
|
|
Term
| glucotrol (glipizide) drug interactions |
|
Definition
| aspirin causes a decrease in serum glucose levels not clinically significant unless patient is a brittle diabetic. |
|
|
Term
| glucotrol (glipizide) route of administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ambiem: sedative or hypnotics |
|
|
Term
| zolpidem is clsely related to a family of sedatives called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these drugs cause sedation, muscle relaxation, act as anti-convulsants (anti-seizure) and reduce anxiety. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sleeping pill to treat insomnia |
|
|
Term
| zolpidem (ambiem) drug interactions |
|
Definition
| alcohol has an additive effect. Should be used cautiously in patients with respiratory disease because of its depressing effect on breathing. |
|
|
Term
| zolpidem (ambiem) side effects |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, dizziness, and a drugged feeling, confusion, isomnia, euphoria, ataxia(balance problems) and visual changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atrovent (ipratropium) drug class |
|
Definition
| anticholineric, broncodilator |
|
|
Term
| atrovent (ipratropium) administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atrovent (ipratropium) side effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atrovent (ipratropium) uses |
|
Definition
| drug of choice for long term management of COPD, patients with poorly controlled asthma or those who do not tolerate the side effects of the B agonists |
|
|
Term
| atrovent (ipratropium) drug interactions |
|
Definition
| bronchodilating effct is additive with that of the B agonists. |
|
|
Term
| meclizine (bonine) drug class |
|
Definition
| antiemetic: antihistamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention & treatment of symptoms of motion sickness:management of vertigo wih disease affecting the vestibular system |
|
|
Term
| meclizine (bonine) effects on dental treatment |
|
Definition
| slight to moderate drowsiness, thickening of the bronchial secreations, signifiant xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| meclizine (bonine) adverse effects |
|
Definition
| slight to moderate drowsiness, thickening of bronchial secretions, heachache, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, increased appetite and weight gain, abdominal pain, xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| meclizine (bonine) action |
|
Definition
| has cental anticholinergic action by blocking chemoreceptor tigger zone, decreases excitability of the middle ear labyrinth and blocks conduction in the middle ear vestibular cerebellar pathways |
|
|
Term
| secretion of meclizine (bonine) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of angina pectoris |
|
|
Term
| atenolol (tenormin) drug class |
|
Definition
| B-adrenergic blocking agent (selective beta blocker) |
|
|
Term
| atenolol (tenormin) action |
|
Definition
| block the B response to catecholamine stimulation, thereb reducing both the chronotropic and inotropic effects. The net result is reduced myocardial oxygen demand. |
|
|
Term
| atenolol (tenormin) adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| bradycardia,CHF,Headache, dry mouth, blurred vision, unpleasant dreams |
|
|
Term
| hyrochlorothiazide (hctz) drug class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypokalemia & hyperuricemia(inhibits uric acid secretion) hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia (promotes calcium reabsorption) anorexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacts with the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents. They reduce the antihypertensive effects of the thiazide diuretics. This takes a few days to occur so few doses of NSAIA's can be safely taken for acute ain control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diphenhydramine aslo know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antihistamine that causes drowiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to treat allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used with epinephrine in severe allergic reactions or anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be used as an antiemetic, can be used as a local anesthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H1 receptor antagonists (blocker) |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) drug class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memeber of the biguanide group, lowers blood glucose, but used alone does not produce hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) action |
|
Definition
| inhibits the production of glcose from the liver by educing hepatic gluconeogenesis |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) action |
|
Definition
| stimulation of glycolysis, slowing of glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) action |
|
Definition
| reduction of plasma glucagons levels |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| primarily related to gastrointestinal tract and include anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea and vomiting |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| can produce headache, and interfere with B12 absorption |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| it accumulates in renal & hepatic impairment |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) adverse reaction |
|
Definition
| lactic acidosis is the most seriou side effect.Predisposing factors are alcoholism,binge rinking, and renal or hepatic dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| metformin (glucophage) side effects |
|
Definition
| oral manifestations include a metalic taste. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| omeprazole (prilosec) drug class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| omeprazole (prilosec) use |
|
Definition
| potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion (in combination with antibiotics) is effective in healing gastric and duodenal ulcers and is now approved for gerd |
|
|
Term
| omeprazole (prilosec) action |
|
Definition
| inhibition of the K/K ATPhase enzyme system at the surface of the gastric parietal cell and is called gastric acid (proton) pump inhibitor. |
|
|
Term
| omeprazole (prilosec) side effect |
|
Definition
| headache and abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| zyban (bupropion) drug class |
|
Definition
| antidepressant, dopamine reuptake inhibitor, smoking cessation aid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zyban effects on dental treatment |
|
Definition
| abnormal taste,xerostomia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weak inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of serotonin,norepinephrine,& dopamineand does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticoagulant, coumarin derivative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation with risk of embolism and as an adjunct in prophylaxis of systemic embolism after MI. |
|
|
Term
| coumadin effects on dentistry |
|
Definition
| bleeding from gingival tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleeding is a major side effect, edema, rash, vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (2,7,9,10) |
|
|
Term
| coumadin contraindicaions |
|
Definition
| hypersensensitivity, hemorragic tendencies, hemophilia |
|
|
Term
| coumadin drug interactions |
|
Definition
increase effect- acetaminophin,antifungals,cephalosporins,NSAIDS ,vitamin A& E decreased- barbiturates,hormaonal contraceptives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cetirizine effects on dental treatment |
|
Definition
| xerostomia, stomatitis, loss of taste, abnormal taste, tongue discoloration, and ulcerative stomatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peripheral (nonsedating) antihistamine have some valuable adjuncts in the therapy of seaonal and perennial rhinitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sedation,potentiation of opioids,reduced nausea, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, bronchospasm used for side effects as well as the antihistimine effect |
|
|
Term
| cetirizine mech of action |
|
Definition
| competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| amitriptyline also know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| management of chronic neuropathic pain in TMD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relief of symptoms of depression, unlabeled use - prophylaxis against migraine headache |
|
|
Term
| amitrityline effects on dental treatment |
|
Definition
| xerostomia and changes in salivation, orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
Term
| amitriptyline adverse effects |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, MI,stroke, syncope, nausea, stomatitis, peculiar taste, black tongue |
|
|
Term
| amitriptyline (elavil) mech of action |
|
Definition
| increases synaptic concentration of serotin and/or norepinephrine in the cns by inhibition of their reuptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of CHF and to slow the ventricular rate intachyarrhythmias such as atrial fibrilation, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
| digoxin (lanoxin) effects on dental treatment |
|
Definition
| sensitive gag reflex, may cause difficulty i taking dental impression |
|
|
Term
| digoxin (lanoxin) adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| asystole, antiety, confusion, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
| digoxin( lanoxin) mech action |
|
Definition
| CHF inhibition of sodium/potassium ATPhase pump whih acts to increase the intracellular sodium/calcium exchange to increase intracellular calcium leading to increased contractilty |
|
|
Term
| digoxin (lanoxin) mech of action |
|
Definition
| supraventriclar arrythmias- direc suppression of the AV node conduction to increase effective refactory period and decrease conduction velocity |
|
|
Term
| digoxin (lanoxin) dietary considerations |
|
Definition
| maintain adequate amounts of potassium in diet to decrease risk of hypokalemia. Hyokalemia may increase risk of digoxin toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| furosemide mech of action |
|
Definition
| acts on the loop of henle to inhibit the reabsorption of chloride and sodium with resultant diuresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary edema, edema in CHF, liver disease, nephritis syndromw, ascites, hypertenson with CHF when rapid diuresis is required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| xerostomia, hypokalemia,headache,fatigue,hyperuricemia,orthostatic hypotension,chest pain |
|
|
Term
| furosemide (lasix) precautions |
|
Definition
| diabetes mellitus, dehydration,several renal diseases, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| furosemide (laxis) drug interactions |
|
Definition
| increased electrolyte imbalance,cortosteroids,decreased antihypertensive effects |
|
|
Term
| furosemide (laxis) dentl considerations |
|
Definition
| monitor vital signs, assess salivary flow, situpright for 2 minutes after supine position |
|
|
Term
| sertraline (zoloft) drug class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of major depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstral dysphoric disorder, asocial anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
| sertraline mech of action |
|
Definition
| antidepressant with selestive inhibitory effects on presynaptic serotonin reuptake and only very weak effects on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal uptake |
|
|
Term
| sertraline adverse ractions |
|
Definition
cns, insomnia,somnolence,dizziness, headache,fatigue,xerostomia,diarrhea,nausea agitation,anxiety,nervousness |
|
|
Term
| sertraline dental considerations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chlorpromazine also know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control of mania,treatment of schizophrenia,control of nausea & vomiting, relief of restlessness after surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exhibits a strong alpha-adrenergic blocking effect & depresses the release of hypothalamic & hypophyseal hormones |
|
|
Term
| thorazine adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| sedation, acute dystonia, parkinson like symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, seizures, xerostomia |
|
|
Term
| thorazine drug interactions |
|
Definition
| cns depressant including barbiturates, alcohol, general anesthetics, and opioid analgesics |
|
|
Term
| thorazine dental considerations |
|
Definition
| xerostomia, orthostatic hypotension, TMJ pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aids in prevention and treatment of hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastrointestional tract & nausea and abdominal discomfort caused by gastointestional irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needed for adequate transmission of nerve impulses and cardiac contraction,renal function, and intracellular function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased potassium & requirement, cortisteroids,increased gi side effects with nticholinergic drugs & nsaids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B2 agonist, bronchodilator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first line of treatment for mild or occasional asthma,emergency treatmen of acute attack of asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiolytic group,muscle relaxant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unknown, but belived to be related to interactions with neurotransmitters in the cns(serotonin,dopamine,cholinergic,& alph adrenergic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| called anxioselective because of its elective anxiolytic action without hypnotic,anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not affect driving ability,does not produce tolerance or dependence, is not addicting and there is no withfrwl symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| management of generalized anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| midazolam adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| hypotension,drowiness,headache,nausea,vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parenterally to treat tonic-clonic seizures or status epilepicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has effect on sodium or potassium channels, reduction in apartate levels, increase in GABA |
|
|
Term
| divalproex sodium adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| indigestion, nausea, vomiting most common, hypersalivation not as common, sedation,drowiness,bleeding, increasein birth defects |
|
|
Term
| divalproex sodium drug interactions |
|
Definition
| use with caution when aking other drugs that cause bleeding, other cns depressant drugs can have additive effect, increase action of phenytoin when taking with this drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to treat tonic-clonic and partial seizure, trigemial neuralia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticonvulsant and antiarrythmic properties |
|
|
Term
| phenytoin adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| mental confusion,slurred speach, reactions associated with elevated blood levels, can cause vitamin deficiency(D & folate) resulting in oral mucosa changes gingival enlargement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticonvulsant, anticholinergic,antidepressant,sedative, muscle relaxant |
|
|
Term
| carbamazepine mech of action |
|
Definition
| invoves blocking sodium channels which blocks the propagation of nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
| tegretol adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| cns depression and gi tract problems,petechie o signs of infection,chf, |
|
|
Term
| tegretol drug interactions |
|
Definition
| reduced doxycycline effect and erythromycin increased carbamazepine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estrogen progestin combination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins,prevents follicular maturation and ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea,endometrial cancer,prevents the risk of uterine cancer |
|
|
Term
| medroxyprogesterone side effects |
|
Definition
| gingival bleeding, gingival overgrowth,dizziness,bloating, breakthrough bleeding,acne |
|
|
Term
| provera contraindications |
|
Definition
| breast cancer,hypersensitivity,thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lactation,hypertension,asthma,gallbladder disease,chf,diabetes mellitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has side effects that resemble lichens planus |
|
|
