Term
| Frequency Distribution Curve |
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Definition
| graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug at different doses. Helps in determining inter patient variability in responses to drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| literally "medicine change" in latin; refers to how the medicine changes the body; concerned with the mechanisms of drug action and relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body. |
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Term
| Median Effective Dose (ED50) |
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Definition
| in the middle of the frequency distribution curve; the does required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients (average or standard dose) |
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Term
| Median Lethal Dose (LD50) |
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Definition
| determined in preclinical trials, and is the dose of a drug that will be lethal in 50% of a group of animals. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A large # in therapeutic index infers |
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Definition
| a larger safety margin between ED50 and LD50; the safer the medication |
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Term
| A small # in therapeutic index infers |
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Definition
| a smaller safety margin between ED50 and LD50; the less safe the medication |
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Term
| Median Toxicity Dose (TD50) |
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Definition
| More clinically appropriate since LD50 cannot be determined in humans; it is the done that will produce a given toxicity in 50% of the group of patients; based on animal and patient clinical trials |
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Term
| Graded-dose Response Relationship |
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Definition
| Fundamental concept in Pharmacology; the variability in responses observed within a single person |
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Term
| Graphical representation of a graded-dose response relationship |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase 1 of dose-response curve |
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Definition
| occurs at the lowest dose; flattness of this part of the curve represents few target cells have been affected by the drug |
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Term
| Phase 2 of dose-response curve |
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Definition
| straight line portion of the curve - often shows linear relationship between the amount of drug administered and the degree of response obtained from the patient. |
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Term
| Phase 3 of dose-response curve |
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Definition
| a plateau is reached in which increasing the drug dose produces no additional therapeutic response (basically that the drug has brought 100% relief) |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that has more of this will produce a therapeutic effect at a lower dose compared with another drug in the same class |
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Term
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Definition
| magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug |
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Term
| What is more important to the success of pharmacotherapy, potency or efficacy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A cellular macro molecule to which a medication binds in order to initiate its effects (most are proteins) |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell |
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Term
| Nonspecific cellular responses |
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Definition
| Drugs acting independently of cellular receptors - associated with changing the permeability of cellular membranes, depressing membrane excitability, or altering the activity of cellular pumps. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance [mimmic-er :)] |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that occupies the receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical from acting - stops the normal functioning of the cell; they often compete with the it's opposite for the receptor binding sites |
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Term
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Definition
| a medication that produces a weaker, or less efficacious response than an agonist |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits the effects of agonist not by competing for a receptor but by changing pharmokinetic factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| unpredictable and unexplained drug reactions |
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