Term
| How and when do you assess pain? |
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Definition
During VS (5th VS)
have client rate on 1-10 scale
have client describe pain
Pain is subjective et personal (varies pt to pt) |
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Term
| What are the different categories of pain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
recent onset, indicates that damage or injury has occurred
decreases as healing occurs
Duration Seconds to 6 months |
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Term
|
Definition
Constant or intermittent pain that persists beyond the expected healing time.
poorly defined onset, difficult to treat because cause or origin is unclear
6 months or longer |
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Term
| How do different cultures deal with pain? |
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Definition
Beliefs about pain and how to respond to pain differently between cultures
different cultures express the same pain differently
some cultures moan, cry, or complain; some will complain but refuse meds; some are stoic, quiet.
recognize your beliefs and avoid evaluating based on them |
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Term
| What are 2 analgesics and where do they work? |
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Definition
Opioids (narcotic analgesic)- CNS
NSAUDs- peripheral system |
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Term
| What are the actions of opioids? |
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Definition
Produce analgesia and CNS depression
Stops the transmission of pain messages to the brain
Works int the brain to alter the sensation of pain. |
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Term
| What are 3 common opioids and common dosages for them? |
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Definition
Morphine 2-15mg
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) 1.5-8mg
Meperidine (demerol) 50-150mg |
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Term
| What are side effects of opioids? |
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Definition
CNS depressant
Respiratory depression
Drowsiness, dizziness
Slows GI tract- nausea, constipation
Dysphoria
hallucinations |
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Term
What nursing actions would be implemented when addressing opioid side effects?
Respiratory depression
Drowsiness, Dizziness
Slowing of GI tract
Dysphoria
Hallucinations |
|
Definition
Respiratory depression- Assess resp status; do not give if below 12 resps/min
Drowsiness, Dizziness- Safety needs
Slowing GI tract- Nausea, constipation; assess bowel function; provide anti-emetic
Dysphoria- Safety needs; Education to family of possible behavior changes
Hallucinations- Safety needs; validation |
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Term
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Definition
- Enter body through mucous membrane and blood
- Viruses are intracellular parasites
- A mature infective particle is called a virion
- With HIV, the virus attaches to CD4 receptor on the T-cells, enters the cells
- Once in the cell can remain in the cell until it begins to produce more viral particles |
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Term
| What are 3 strategies to antiviral therapy? |
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Definition
• vaccines, prevent infection
• interrupt replication cycle
• boost immune response |
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Term
| What are side effects for antivirals? |
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Definition
• GI distress: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia (heart burn), diarrhea, abdominal pain
• Toxicity of blood cells: anemia neutropenia, thrombocytopenia- bruising (RBC replicate every 52 days) Similar to sulfa drugs
• Fatigue, weakness, headache
• HIV clients should have blood work monitored regularly |
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