Term
| The Endogenous Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic Nervous System are _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine; Norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| The minor Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic Nervous system are _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ - Adrenergic Drugs that act directly on the adrenergic receptors by activating them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rate limiting step in the synthesis of Dopamine is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tyrosine Hydroxylase is the _______ in the synthesis of Dopamine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ Blocks the uptake and binding of Norepinephrine into the nerve terminals (Storage inhibited) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine is converted into _______ by the enzyme dopamine Beta-hydroxylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Release of Norepinephrine is stimulated by action potentials, and is blocked by _______ (Chewed up in terminal without being released) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These subtype of receptors are located on the prejunctional neuron and serve as a feedback inhibitor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is present in the prejuctional neuron and functions to destroy some of the Neurotransmitter that has been reuptaken. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COMT is locataed on the _______ cell membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha receptors respose to Epinephrine will be _______ to their response to Norepinephrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Alpha receptors respose to Epinephrine and Norepinephrine is Much GREATER than their response to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha 1 receptors are located on postjunctional cell membranes and are responsible for _______. |
|
Definition
| Constriction of Smooth Muscle (Vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
| _______ receptors are located on Prejunctional nerve ending are are responsible for feedback inhibition of Norepinephrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasoconstriction is the function of _______ receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta Receptors respond most strongly to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Beta receptor response is _______ to epinephrine than to that of norepinephrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta 1 Receptors have _______ affinity for Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ receptors have equal affinity for epinephrine and Norepinephrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ receptors have a higher affinity for epinephrine than Norepinephrine and are therefore more affected by the adrenal medulla. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ predominate in the smooth muscle and vaculature and are responsible for vasodilation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ receptors predominate in the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha 1 receptors cause _______ and raise blood pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ receptors cause cardiac stimulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ receptors cause bronchiole and uterine relaxation and vasodilation in skeletal vascular beds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For our purposes Total Peripheral resistance equals _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ equals cardiac function, and tells you what is happening in the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ Have better CNS penetration due to increased lipid solubility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ are not destroyed by COMT and MAO, therefore deactivation is limited, giving them longer half-lives. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ mimic NE and EPI. They bind to the adrenergic receptors without interacting with the prejunctional neuron |
|
Definition
| Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine, Norepinephrin, Isoproternol and Phenylephrine are all _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists are _______, _______, _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Isoproterenol; Phenylephrine |
|
|
Term
| _______ displace norepinephrine from storage sites. |
|
Definition
| Indirect-Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| Amphetamine and Tyramine are both examples of _______. |
|
Definition
| Indirect-Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| _______ both stimulate receptors and displace NE from storage sites. |
|
Definition
| Mixed Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| Indirect Acting Adrenergic agonists are _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine are both _______. |
|
Definition
| Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| The Mixed Acting adrenergic agonists are _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Ephedrine; phenylpropanolamine |
|
|
Term
| _______ blocks the uptake of Norepinephrine at storage sites, and can enter the CNS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ inhibit the enzymes that breakdown NE (MAO) |
|
Definition
| Tri-Cyclic Anti-depressants |
|
|
Term
| _______ acts as an agonist at both alpha and Beta receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine in _______ doses causes beta stimulated vasodilation and at _______ doses yields alpha stimulated vasoconstriction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine stimulates _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A High dose or rapid infusion of Epinephrine will cause _______ in diastolic pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A low dose or slow infusion of Epinephrine will cause _______ in diastolic pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Vascular effect of Epinephrine is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At Low doses of Epinephrine beta receptors are stimulated causing _______ and high dose yields alpha stimulated causing _______. |
|
Definition
| Vasodilation; Vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| The cardiac effect of Epinephrine is due to their effect on _______ receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrines effect on Beta 1 receptors in the heart causes _______ and _______ |
|
Definition
| Increased Cardiac Contractility (inotropic); Increased Heart Rate |
|
|
Term
| Increased systolic blood pressure and decrease diastolic blood pressure due to decreased peripheral resistance is causeed by the low dose Beta 2 effect of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine causes _______ response in the lungs due to action on Beta 2 receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine causes bronchodilation in the lungs by interaction with _______ receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine will cause Hyperglycemia due to glycogenolysis in liver and increase release of glucagon by interaction with _______ receptors and decrease release of insulin by interaction with _______ receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine is indicated for _______, _______, _______, can prolong local anesthetics due to vasoconstriction and restore rhythm during cardiac arrests. |
|
Definition
| Bronchospasm, Open Angle Glaucoma; Anaphylactic Shock |
|
|
Term
| The side effect of epinephrine in open angle glaucoma is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine causes _______ to help alleviate Open Angle Glaucoma. |
|
Definition
| Reduced ciliary production of Aqueous Humor |
|
|
Term
| _______ has Rapid onset, brief duration, is destroyed by COMT and MAO and its metabolites are excreted in urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CNS adverse reactions of Epinephrine are _______, _______, _______, _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Anxiety, fear, tension, headache and tremor |
|
|
Term
| _______ causes increased blood pressure and possible cerebral hemorrhage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary edema associated with administration of Epinephrine is due an imbalance between _______ of the alveoli and _______ into the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Adverse Reactions of Epineprine include _______, _______, _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| CNS disturbances; Increased Blood Pressure and possible cerebral hemorrhage; Cardiac arrythmias; Pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| Norepinephrine affects which receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Norepinephrine _______ effect Beta 2 receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Pharmacological effects of NE are mainly _______ effects when given therapeutically. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Norepinephrin causes alpha constriction and subsequent _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ causes peripheral vasoconstriction and an increase in systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for some hypotensive states such as shock but it does restrict blood flow to the kidney so other medications like dopamine are better first line agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a synthetic Catecholamine which is nonselective for beta receptors but little alpha effects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Isoproterenol is _______ for beta receptors, but has _______ alpha effects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With Isoproterenol MAP will _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With Isoproterenol MAP will drop, When MAP drops the brain will _______ sympathetic tone and _______ parasympathetic tone, increasing blood pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Isoproterenol is _______ against MAO. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications of Isoproterenol are heart stimulation to _______ and as a _______(although it is rarely used for this). |
|
Definition
| Increase rate and force in emergency situations; Bronchodilator - rarely |
|
|
Term
| Isoproterenol _______ peripheral resistance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cardiac effects of Isoproterenol are _______ rate and contraction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is the natural precursor to Norepinephrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine causes _______ and _______ effects at normal doses, and _______ effects at higher doses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ causes vasodilatation in the renal vascular beds increasing blood flow to the kidney. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine causes Cardiovascular effects of Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects due to _______ activation (except at high doses where it produces vasculature vasoconstriction due to Alpha stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The adverse effects of Dopamine are _______ stimulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Too high a dose of Dopamine causes constriction of _______ receptors limiting BF into the kidneys (brain starts seeing increased MAP reflexes and drop BP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dopamine is indicated for _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dobutamine is a _______ agonist. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dobutamine _______ output with few heart rate or vascular effects. |
|
Definition
| Increases (Beta 1 Selective) |
|
|
Term
| Dobutamine is indicated for _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dobutamine is indicated for Congestive Heart Failure because it _______ output with _______ increase in oxygen demand |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Adverse action of Dobutamine is that it can _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenylephrine is a _______. |
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 Selective agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 2 Selective Agonist |
|
|
Term
| Metaproterenol, terbutaline and albuterol are all _______. |
|
Definition
| Beta 2 Selective Agonists |
|
|
Term
| Metaproterenol is a _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terbutaline is a _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenylephrine is a _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because Phenylephrine is a non-catecholamine it is _______ destroyed by COMT. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenylephrine is a direct acting _______ adrenergic that Favours _______ over _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a Vasoconstrictor that increases systolic and diastolic pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because Phenylephrine acts primarily on Alpha 1 receptors (Vasoconstriction) it causes _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is used as a Nasal decongestant, vasopressor for hypotension, mydriatic, and is also used systemically to raise BP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clonidine is an _______ Agonist. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is referred to as a centrally acting agent because its effects begin in the CNS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ reduces blood pressure and produces inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor centers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Understimulation of receptors leads to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overstimulation of receptors leads to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clonidine causes its effects in the brain by acting on _______ receptors which modulate sympathetic tone coming out of the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you stimulate alpha 2 receptors there will be an _______ in sympathetic tone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient taking _______ will exhibit a lower resting HR and BP, but will exhibit both Increased HR and BP when put on a treadmill. |
|
Definition
| Clonidine (Alpha 2 Selective Agonist) |
|
|
Term
| If a patient decides to abruptly stop taking a medication which causes sympathetic NS depression what can occur? |
|
Definition
| Hypertensive Crisis due to Receptor Super sensitization |
|
|
Term
| Metaproterenol is similiar to _______, except that it is _______ a catecholamine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metaproterenol is _______ to COMT. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metaproterenol is a _______ agonist. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metaproterenol is a Beta 2 Selective Agonist used as a _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulation and muscle tremors, Increased heart rate are all adverse reactions of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta 2 stimulation (epinephrine) sensitizes skeletal muscles to ACh at alpha motor neurons causing the muscle tremors associated with _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terbutaline is a _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terbutaline is also a _______. |
|
Definition
| Non-Catecholamine (Relatively stable against COMT) |
|
|
Term
| _______ is used as a bronchodilator and to reduce uterine contractions in premature labor by relaxing uterine smooth muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terbutaline is used as a _______ and to _______. |
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator; Reduce Uterine contractions in premature labour |
|
|
Term
| Terbutaline reduces uterine contractions in premature labour by relaxing uterine smooth muscle through _______ stimulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Albuterol is the _______ of choice for Asthmatics. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Albuterol is most often used as a "rescue" treatment due to its ______ and _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salmetrol is a _______ agent without a rapid onset. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salmetrol is Not used as a rescue inhaler like _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Albuterol; Metaproterenol |
|
|
Term
| _______ is used as a maintenance inhaler to reduce the occurrence of bronchospasms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is only given in combination with Corticosteroids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ should NOT be used for treatment of acute bronchospasm or without an inhaled corticosteroid. |
|
Definition
| Long acting Beta 2 agonists |
|
|
Term
| The indirect acting adrenergic agonists are _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This indirect acting adrenergic agonist has both CNS and Cardiovascular effects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______, an indirect acting adrenergic agonist, causes Increased HR, BP and Contraction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for ADHD, narcolepsy and appetite control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Adverse effects of amphetamine include _______, _______, _______, _______, _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Restlessness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Restlessness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia and hypertension are all adverse effects of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tyramine is _______ a therapeutic agent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is found in fermented products such as Chianti wine and cheese |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is metabolized by MAO. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tyramine is generally not a problem unless large amouts are ingested while taking _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are both _______. |
|
Definition
| Mixed-Action Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| Drug that hits specific receptors AND releases NE at the same time is classified as a _______ |
|
Definition
| Mixed-action Adrenergic Agonist |
|
|
Term
| _______ stimulate the release of norepinephrine AND directly activates adrenergic receptors. |
|
Definition
| Mixed-action Adrenergic Agonists |
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine is a _______ agent (similiar to EPI but not as potent). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is similiar to epinephrine but less potent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ has a Long duration (not destroyed by COMT and resistant to MAO) and orally available. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine _______ destroyed by COMT and is also _______ to MAO. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ Increases blood pressure, bronchodilation, enhances muscle contractility abd causes CNS stimulation (increased alertness, decreased fatigue and prevent sleep) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ causes CNS stimulation including increased alertness, decreased fatigue and prevents sleep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for Asthma (rare), nasal decongestant (rare), hypotension. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine is indicated (rarely) for _______, _______, and _______ |
|
Definition
| Asthma; Nasal Decongestant; Hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Ephedrine causes an increase in BP due to the effect of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CNS effects of Ephedrine are due to the release of _______ and _______ in the Brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bronchodilation caused by Ephedrine is caused by _______. |
|
Definition
| Beta 2 receptor activation |
|
|
Term
| Ephedrines ability to enhance muscle contractility is due to ______. |
|
Definition
| Release of Norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Pseudoephedrine is a _______ of ephedrine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudoephedrine's decongestant action is due to stimulation of _______ receptors of the vascular smooth muscle causing vasoconstriction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The decongestant action of _______ is due to stimulation of alpha receptors of the vascular smooth muscle causing vasoconstriction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudoephedrine is indicated for _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for Nasal Congestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudoephedrine targets _______ receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The adverse effects of Pseudoephedrine are increased _______, _______. and _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Blood pressure; heart rate; contraction; Strokes |
|
|
Term
| Increased blood pressure and heart rate and contraction and Strokes are all adverse effects of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stroke associated with Pseudoephedrine comes from alpha receptors _______, and constrict cranial vessels. |
|
Definition
| Increase Platelet Aggregation |
|
|
Term
| _______ bind to receptors but do not cause the usual effect. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ Block adrenergic activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ have potency but NO efficacy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two classes of Adrenergic Antagonists are _______ and _______ Blockers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two classes of _______ are Alpha and Beta Blockers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ will cause Reflex Bradycardia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce blood pressure by reducing the sympathetic tone of the blood vessels resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance |
|
Definition
| Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
|
|
Term
| Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents _______ blood pressure by reducing the sympathetic tone of the blood vessels resulting in _______ peripheral vascular resistance |
|
Definition
| Reduce; Decreased (Reflex Bradycardia) |
|
|
Term
| Decrease tone in the smooth muscle of the bladder neck resulting in improved urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
|
Definition
| Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
|
|
Term
| _______ are used for the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
|
|
Term
| Alpha receptor blockade in the Venous system _______ venous constriction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha receptor stimulation shuts down the sphincters in the urinary bladder, therefore blocking alpha receptors will _______ flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you administer an alpha blocker the veins will _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a tumor of the adrenal medulla (Increased release of EPI) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pheochromocytoma leads to _______ overload. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where there is an Over abundance of Epi and NE in the body use of _______ can be used to protect the patient from hypertensive crisis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is best to give a drug that has both _______ blocking abilities to protect both the heart and arteries/veins in Pheochromocytoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a nonselective alpha agent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenoxybenzamine is a non-selective _______ and _______ agent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Card-carrying alpha blocker should cause _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-selective linking irreversibly and non-competitively to Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 presynaptic receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ Reduces blood pressure by inhibiting vasoconstriction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenoxybenzamine reduces blood pressure by _______. |
|
Definition
| Inhibiting vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| _______ is not good for maintenance therapy due to reflex tachycardia and increased cardiac output. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenoxybenzamine is indicated for the treatment of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ kills alpha receptors when it encounters them, and the only way to replace them is resynthesize them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a competitive alpha 1 and alpha 2 blocker. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is essentially same as phenoxybenzamine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phentolamine is indicated for _______. |
|
Definition
| The Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
| Phentolamine is a _______. |
|
Definition
| Competitive Alpha 1 AND alpha 2 blocker |
|
|
Term
| Phentolamine is a non-selective _______ and _______ blocker. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a selective competitive Alpha 1 Blocker. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ causes less Reflex Tachycardia than the other alpha blockers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ causes decreased peripheral vascular resistance to lower BP and relax bladder neck smooth muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The indication of -sin indicates a(n) _______ blocker. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for Hypertension (primarily) and BPH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because the alpha 2’s are not blocked _______ causes reflex tachycardia, although it is not as bad (feedback inhibition is still intact, alpha 2's) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prazosin is a card-carrying _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a card-carrying alpha 1 blocker. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ are classic causative agents of orthostatic hypotension. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha Antagonists are classic causative agents of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ cause an exaggerated hypotensive state that can lead to syncope especially when patient stands after sitting or lying down, termed _______. |
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 Blockers; First dose effect |
|
|
Term
| _______ cause First Dose Effect, therefore it is suggested that patient's take their first dose at night. |
|
Definition
| Selective Alpha 1 Blockers |
|
|
Term
| Headache can be an adverse effect of blockade of _____ receptors, meninges dilate and engorge w/blood causing the headache. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nasal congestion is an adverse effect associated with _______ blockade. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nasal Congestion, Headache, Drowsiness, sodium and water retention, and First Dose Effect are all adverse reactions of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terazosin (Hytrin) and Doxazosin (Cardura) have similiar _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prazosin initial dose for high blood pressure is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prazosin has proven _______ in BPH compared to terazosin or doxazosin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tamsulosin (Flomax) is a(n) _______ blocker. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is Indicated for BPH _______ for the treatment of hypertension |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is selective for alpha 1 receptors on bladder sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
| Orthostatic Hypotension is a _______ problem. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability of veins to get blood to heart and inability of heart to get blood to the brain are problems that can arise with _______. |
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Definition
| Alpha adrenergic antagonists (blockade) |
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Term
| All available beta blockers are _______ antagonists. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta 1 selective are _______ agents and _______ bronchoconstrictor effects |
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Definition
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Term
| As a class Beta blockers _______ blood pressure without causing orthostatic hypotension because they _______ the vascular. |
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Definition
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Term
| Angina, cardiac arrhythmias, MI, CHF, glaucoma, migraine prevention are all indications of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you block beta 2 receptors you will cause _______. |
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Definition
| Unopposed Bronchoconstriction |
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Term
| When you administer a beta blocker TPR _______, but by blocking the Beta receptors the brain is unable to cause _______. |
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Definition
| Goes down; Reflex Tachycardia |
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Term
| Beta blockers _______ the heart from the Brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta Blockers _______ survival. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta blockers are used in the treatment of Glaucoma due to the fact that Beta Blockade causes _______. |
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Definition
| Decreased formation of aqueous Humour |
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Term
| Beta Blockers have _______ inotropic and chronotropic effects {may cause bradycardia |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta Blockers cause _______ A reflex response because of the decreased cardiac output. |
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Definition
| Peripheral Vasoconstriction |
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Term
| The Overall result of increased peripheral resistance is still a _______ in systolic and diastolic pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta Blockers cause Bronchoconstriction due to _______ receptor blockade. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta Blockers are _______ in Asthmatics. |
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Definition
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Term
| Increase in sodium retention is seen with _______ resulting from decrease in renal perfusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ in sodium retention is seen with beta blockers due to _______ renal perfusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta Blocker can cause possible _______ in Diabetics. |
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Definition
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Term
| Possible hypoglycemia in Diabetics is caused by beta blockade _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta Blockers are indicated for _______, _______, _______, _______, _______ and _______. |
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Definition
| Hypertension; Glaucoma, MI; Prevention of migraines; Hyperthyroidism; Angina Pectoris |
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Term
| _______ are indicated for Hypertension and Glaucoma, Prevention of Migraines, Hyperthyroidism, and Angina Pectoris. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adverse reactions of _______ are bronchoconstriction, arrhythmias, sexual impairment, Decreased glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Adverse reactions of beta blockers are _______, _______, _______, _______, _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
| Bronchoconstriction; arrhythmias, sexual impairment, Decreased glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion |
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Term
| Propranolol is a _______ agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is used for Migraine prophylaxis, and Various cardiac uses. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______ is used in Pheochromocytoma, in conjunction with _______. |
|
Definition
| Propranolol; Alpha Blockers |
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|
Term
| The two non-selective beta blockers are _______ and _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is indicated for Hypertension and Glaucoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| Timolol is probably the MOST used agent for _______, but is rarely used for _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Timolol is indicated for _______ and _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is a non-selective agent with a long duration of action. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Nadolol is a _______ agent with at _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Atenolol, Metoprolol and Esmolol are all _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Propranolol, Metaprolol and Timolol are all _______. |
|
Definition
| Metabolized by the Liver (short-acting) |
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|
Term
| Nadolol and Atenolol are both _______, and are therefore _______ metabolized by the liver. |
|
Definition
| Lipophobic (Hydrophilic); NOT |
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|
Term
| Nadolol and Atenolol are both _______. |
|
Definition
| Excreted by the Kidney (long-acting) |
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|
Term
| Esmolol is administered _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______ is hydrolyzed in the plasma quickly by esterases, and is given to break certain arrythmias. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______ is another term for "partial" agonist, these bind to a receptor and cause a weak response. |
|
Definition
| (ISA) Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity - |
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|
Term
| _______ is a beta 1 selective agent with ISA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acebutolol is a _______ agent with _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pindolol (Visken) is a _______ agent with ISA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is a non-selective agent with ISA |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Beta Blockers with ISA have _______. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Blocking agents ________. |
|
Definition
| Combines alpha 1 blocking ability (vasodilation) with Beta effects. |
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|
Term
| Result is peripheral vasodilation that lowers blood pressure with reduced cardiac rate and contraction. |
|
Definition
| Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
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|
Term
| Labetalol is a _______ and _______ |
|
Definition
| Alpha 1; Beta Non-selective |
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|
Term
| Ratios of Alpha to Beta blockade are 1:3 for oral use with _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contrasts from other Beta blockers in that it does not produce peripheral vasoconstriction. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The biggest indication of _______ is hypertensive emergency. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Labetalol knocks out _______, _______ and _______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The adverse reaction of Labetalol is _______. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Both Carvedilol and Labetalol have _______ and _______ blocking action. |
|
Definition
| Alpha 1; NON-SELECTIVE beta |
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|
Term
| Ratio of alpha to beta blockade are abot equal with _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is indicated for Hypertension and CHF. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Carvedilol is indicated for _______ and _______. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Carvedilol is primarily used for _______. |
|
Definition
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