Term
| 3 methods of drug administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| methods of enteral drug administration (3) |
|
Definition
oral (chewed, sucked, swallowed)
sublingual or buccal
rectal |
|
|
Term
| methods of parenteral drug administration (6) |
|
Definition
intravenous
intramuscular
intra-articular
subcutaneous
intrathecal
epidural |
|
|
Term
| parenteral intra-articular administritation is delivered where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parenteral intrathecal injections are administered where |
|
Definition
| subarachnoid or subdural space |
|
|
Term
| what methods of drug administration are considered "other" (3) |
|
Definition
inhalation
topical
transdermal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chemical
generic
trade name |
|
|
Term
| the study of the physiochemical factors involved as the body absorbs, distriutes, metabolizes, and eliminates a drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PT considerations as pertains to pharmokinetics (3) |
|
Definition
effects of exercise
effects of physical agents
effects of manual techniques |
|
|
Term
| 2 primary categories of pain control/analgesics |
|
Definition
opiod/narcotic analgesics
nonopiod analgesics |
|
|
Term
| opiod or narcotic analgesics are used for what (4) |
|
Definition
moderate to severe pain
induce conscious sedation
assist in management of dependence
persistent cough relief |
|
|
Term
| what are nonoiod analgesics used for (6) |
|
Definition
manage mild to moderate pain
control inflammation
fever
headache
muscle ache
reduce risk of MI |
|
|
Term
| common opiod analgesics (7) |
|
Definition
codeine (paveral)
hydrocordone
demerol (meperidine)
methadone
morphine (roxanol)
nalbuphine (nubain)
oxycontin (oxycodone) |
|
|
Term
| Opiods work by: binding to what? where? |
|
Definition
| specific neural receptors located in brain and SC |
|
|
Term
| Opiods work by: inhibiting what? from where? |
|
Definition
release of pain-mediating chemicals (substance P)
Presynaptic |
|
|
Term
| Opiods work by: decreasing (2) |
|
Definition
excitability of postsynaptic neurons
sensitiviy of nociceptors in peripheral nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sedation
respiratory depression
mood changes
orthostatic hypotension
GI problems
constipation
incoordination
physical dependence |
|
|
Term
| opiod side effects: mood change examples (3) |
|
Definition
confusion
euphoria
dysphoria |
|
|
Term
| opiod side effects: orthostatic hypotension examples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opiod side effects: GI problem examples (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PT implications for pts on opiods: monitor what |
|
Definition
| monitor pt's for side effects esp respiratory depression |
|
|
Term
| PT implications for pts on opiods: when should treatments be scheduled |
|
Definition
| for maximum analgesic effect, tx should be approximately 2 hours after administration |
|
|
Term
| PT implications for pts on opiods: patient response |
|
Definition
| may blunt patient report/response to painful intervention |
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: 3 categories |
|
Definition
salicylates
para-aminophenol dervicatives
NSAIDS |
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: salicylates types (2) |
|
Definition
aspirin
acetylsalicylic acid |
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: salicylates are used to contorl what (6) |
|
Definition
mild pain
fever
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthiritis
stroke prevention
possibily reduce risk of prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: ara-Aminophenol Deriviatives: 2 types |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: benefit of salicylates or para-aminophenol derivatives |
|
Definition
| salicylates have anti-inflammatory qualities, derivatives do not |
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: common NSAIDS (5) |
|
Definition
ibuprofen (motrin)
indomethicin (indocin)
aspirin (acetylsalicytic acid)
celebrex (celocoxib)
Naproxen (anaproxen, naproxsyn, Aleve) |
|
|
Term
| Nonopiod Analgesics: NSAIDS primary effect: decrease (4) |
|
Definition
pain
inflammation
fever (antipyresis)
blood clotting |
|
|
Term
| How do NSAIDS work: inhibiting what |
|
Definition
| synthesis of prostoglandins |
|
|
Term
| What are prostoglandins responsible for |
|
Definition
pain sensitivity
promote inflammation
increase body temperature
platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDS limit prostoglandin synthesis by acting on what |
|
Definition
| cyclooxgenase (COX) enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nausea
vomiting
vertigo
gastric irritaiton
hepatic/renal toxicity |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDS gastric irritation includes what (3) |
|
Definition
pain
ulcers
Reye syndrome in children |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDS side effects include hepatic/renal with what other factors |
|
Definition
long term use
particularly with pre-existing liver/kidney dysfunciton
increased alcohol consumption
use of other prescription drugs |
|
|
Term
| Controversial side effect of NSAIDS |
|
Definition
| may affect bone and soft tissue healing by inhibiting synthesis of proteoglycans with tissue healing, inflammation especially |
|
|
Term
| Benefit of using COX-2 Inhibitors |
|
Definition
control of pain and inflammation with limited irritation of stomach lining
does not inhibit platelet function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of COX_2 Inhibitors (4) |
|
Definition
headache
abdominal pain
diarrhea
increased risk of heart attack |
|
|
Term
| What is acetaminophen used for |
|
Definition
| mild to moderate pain unrelated to inflammation (OA) |
|
|
Term
| Acetaminophen does not have these 3 things |
|
Definition
does not decrease inflammation
does not have anticoagulant effects
does not irritate gastric mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Potential danger of acetaminophen |
|
Definition
| may cause liver toxicity if taken in high doses by individuals with pathology of the liver |
|
|
Term
| PT Implications for NSAIDS (2) |
|
Definition
increased risk for masked pain
any complaints of stomach pain should be taken seriously |
|
|
Term
| What are glucocorticocoids/corticosteroids used primarily for |
|
Definition
| mgmt of immunologicla or inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: are used in the tx of what (3) |
|
Definition
rheumatic
respiratory
other systemic disorders |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: 6 common types |
|
Definition
cortisol (dermacort)
methylprednisolone (medrol)
Prednisolone (Pediapred)
Prednisone (Cordrol)
Dexamethasone (Decadol)
Mometasone (Nasonex) |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: action: increases |
|
Definition
| synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins (interleukins, neutral endopeptidase) |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: action: decreases |
|
Definition
| synthesis of inflammatory proteins (cytokines, inflammatory enzymes) |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: action: inhibits |
|
Definition
| funciton of macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods effectiveness vs NSADIS |
|
Definition
| -oids are mored effective but more serious side effects if taken systemically for more than 3 weeks |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects not generally associated with what procedure at a frequency of 3-4x/week |
|
Definition
iontophoresis
phonophoresis |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects: cutaneous |
|
Definition
delayed wound healing
acne
hirsutism (male pattern hair growth in women)
petechia (small red-purple dot on the skin)
striae (similar to stretch marks)
ecchmymosis (bleeding under the surface of the skin, like bruising) |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects: 11 |
|
Definition
cutaneous
hypokalemia
myopathy
hyperglycemia
neurological impairments
hypertension
osteoporosis
opthalmic side effects
gastric ulcers
immunosuppression
adrenal cortical suppression |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects: myopathy will effect which mm |
|
Definition
| primarily proximal muscles |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects: neurological impairments (4) |
|
Definition
vertigo
headache
convulsions
benign intracranial hypertension |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects: opthalmic side effect (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods side effects: adrenal cortical suppression |
|
Definition
| decreases endogenous production of glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: PT Implications: most significant side effect in relation to PT |
|
Definition
| breakdown (catabolism) of mm, tendon, bone, and other suporting musculature |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: PT Implications: avoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: PT Implications: what should be done to minimize catabolic effects |
|
Definition
| judicious use of progressive resistance training |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: PT Implications: behavior change as a result of immunosuppression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids/corticosteriods: maximum intra-articular injectinos within a 12 month period |
|
Definition
| no more than 4 injections |
|
|
Term
| Fluroquinolones belong to what drug category |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluroquinolones drug examples (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluroquinolones may cause what (2) |
|
Definition
| tendinopathy and ruptures |
|
|
Term
| Fluroquinolones may cause tendinopathy and ruptures especeially in what tendons (2) |
|
Definition
| larger tendons such as achilles and atellar |
|
|
Term
| if a patient present with tendinitis and is taking a Fluroquinolones what should the PT do |
|
Definition
| make the MD aware of the condition, huge red flag |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: synthetic derivative of what |
|
Definition
| male hormone testostorone |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: how can they be taken (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: typical use |
|
Definition
| accelerated increases in muscle strength and mass, study results inconsistent |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: increased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: decreases in (2) |
|
Definition
testosterone production
sperm count |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: atrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: swelling of breast tissue in men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: premature (2) |
|
Definition
closure of growth plates
hair loss |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: altered lipid profiles (2) |
|
Definition
increased total cholesterol
decreased HDL |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: altered mental status (8) |
|
Definition
euphoria
aggressiveness
irritability
nervous tension
libido changes
mania
depression
psychosis |
|
|
Term
| anabolic androgenic steriods: side effects: women |
|
Definition
| development of male physical characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease Modifying AntiRheumatic Drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slow Acting AntiRheumatic Drugs
SAARDS |
|
|
Term
| DMARDS: appear to have this effect while not being this type of drug |
|
Definition
| appear to decrease inflammation but are not anti-inflammatory drugs |
|
|
Term
| DMARDS are most commonly used to treat what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DMARDS are used to tx RA in combo with what other drug types (2) |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| DMARDS are also used to treat what 3 other conditions |
|
Definition
AS
psoriatic arthritis
lupus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocking interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor |
|
|
Term
| what are interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor |
|
Definition
| cytokins associated with inflammatory process in RA |
|
|
Term
| DMARDS signs of toxicity (11) |
|
Definition
nausea
headache
jt pain
jt swelling
GI distress
sore throat
fever
liver dysfunction
hair loss
sepsis
retinal damage |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulants are used for what |
|
Definition
| decrease risk of DVT post-op |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulant drug examples |
|
Definition
| heparin, warfarin, coumadin, aspirin |
|
|
Term
| anticoagulant drug examples |
|
Definition
| heparin, warfarin, coumadin, aspirin |
|
|
Term
| usage of anticoagulants is a direct contraindication to what PT techniques |
|
Definition
| upper cervical manipulation |
|
|
Term
| Anti-spasm agents/skeletal muscle relaxants: are drugs used to control mm spasm by acting on what |
|
Definition
| CNS, specifically alpha motor neurons - polysynaptic inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Anti-spasm agents/skeletal muscle relaxants: goal of use |
|
Definition
| enhance mm relaxation, general systemic effect |
|
|
Term
| Anti-spasm agents/skeletal muscle relaxants: side effects (3) |
|
Definition
drowsiness
sedation
mm weakness |
|
|
Term
| Anti-spasm agents/skeletal muscle relaxants: side effects and PT implications |
|
Definition
| may impair ability to safely perform functional tasks and exercise |
|
|
Term
| Anti-spasm agents/skeletal muscle relaxants: drug examples (6) |
|
Definition
corisopradol (Soma)
Chlorzoxazone
Cyclobenzprene Hydrochloride (Flexeril)
Diazepam (Valium)
Methocarbionl (Robaxin, Robomol)
Orphendine (Norflex, Norgesic) |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Meds and Ex: Note 1 |
|
Definition
| may increase ex tolerance (beta blockers) |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Meds and Ex: Note 2 |
|
Definition
| must consider medication effect when prescribing ex (testing to determine ex dosage may be affected) |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Meds and Ex: note 3 |
|
Definition
| must look for side effects or adverse effects of medication during execise |
|
|
Term
| Anti-axiety med categories (3) |
|
Definition
Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Monoaine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIS)
Benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Anxiety Meds: SSRIs examples (4) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-Anxiety Meds: MAOIs examples (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-Anxiety Meds: are used to treat what |
|
Definition
| depression and or chronic pain |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Anxiety Meds: side effects include (7) |
|
Definition
restlessness
hallucinations
shivering
diaphoresis
nausea
diarrhea
headache |
|
|
Term
| Anti-depressants discussed (1) |
|
Definition
| tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Depressants: are used to tx what (3) |
|
Definition
depression
chronic pain
enuresis (involuntary urination) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Depressants: examples (4) |
|
Definition
amyitryiptyline
clomoipramine
doxeprine
nortryptaline |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Depressants: side effects (14) |
|
Definition
tachycardia
arrythmias
orthostatic hypotension
nervousness
anxiety
insomina
GI disturbances
headaches
nausea
confusion
hallucinations
ataxia
seizures
coma |
|
|
