Term
Receptor Mediated Drugs
Agonists
Antagonists
Agonist-antagonists
Competitive agonists
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Definition
Agonists - bind to receptor and cause response
Antagonists - bind to receptor but does not create response (blocks)
Agonist-antagonists - may create both (Nubain)
Competitive Agonists - some drugs bind to receptors, create an expected response but blocks other responses
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Term
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Definition
High Abuse Potential
No Recognized Medical Use
Heroin/LSD/Mescaline |
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Term
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Definition
Written Prescription Required
High Abuse Potential
Codeine/Morphine/Meperidine
Amphetamines/Phenmetrazine |
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Term
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Definition
High Abuse Potential
Prescription Required
Opiates/Stimulants/Depressants/Anabolic Steroids |
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Term
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Definition
Prescription Required
Low Abuse Potential
Opiates/Stimulants/Depressants |
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Term
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Definition
Dispensed as any non-opiate Prescription
Low Abuse Potential |
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Term
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Definition
Dependent on:
1.Solubility of drug
2.Concentration
3.Ph of drug
4.Site of absorption
5.Absorption area of site
6.Blood supply to area
7.Bioavailability |
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Term
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Definition
Affected by:
1.Cardiovascular function
2.Regional blood flow
3.Drug storage reservoirs
4.Physiological barriers |
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Term
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Definition
Name given to the metabolism of drugs
Has one of two effects on drugs:
1.transforms the drug into a more or less active metabolite
2.Makes the drug more water soluble to facilitate excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| Test that determines the amount and purity of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| Relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which enteral drugs are absorbed via the GI track and through the liver, partially or completely inactivating the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug effect that is unique to an individual, different than seen or espected of the rest of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Tolerance that develops after administration of a different drug. Example: tolerance for Morphine will implies tolerance for other drug of same category |
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Term
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Definition
| Two drugs having the same effect given together produce a response greater then the sum of the two (1+1=3) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two drugs that bothe have the same effect given together have double the effect (1+1=2) |
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Term
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Definition
Ratio of a drug's lethal dose for 50% of the population to its effective dose for 50% of the population.
TI = LD50/ED50
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Term
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Definition
| Time the body takes to clear one half (1/2) of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs that relieve the sensation of pain
Analgesic - absence of sensation of pain
Anesthetic - absence of all sensations
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Term
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Definition
Central Nervous System (CSN)
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Peripheral Nervous System
/ \
Autonomic Somatic
/ \
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
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Term
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Definition
Agonist - derived from opium, act by decreasing the sensory neuron's ability to propagate pain impulses.
Antagonist - reverse the effects of opioids
Agonist-antagonist - decreases pain response without depressing respirations
Nonopioid analgesics - Salicylates like ASA, Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAIDS) like Ibuprofen and Paraaminophenol derivatives like Acetaminophen, affect the production of neurotransmitters.
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Fight or Flight
Preganglionic nerves - Acetylcholine neurotranmitters - affect cholinergic synapses
Postganglionic nerves - Norepinephrine neurotransmitters - affect adrenergic synapses
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
uses Acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
affects cholinergic receptors
stimulate - parasympathomimetic
block - parasympatholytics
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Term
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Definition
Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors
direct-acting - bind directly with the cholinergic receptors
result in SLUDGE
indirect-acting - affect acetylcholinesterase, the chemical responsible for destroying acetylcholine
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Term
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Definition
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric motility
Emesis
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Term
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Definition
Oppose parasympathetic responses
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Term
| Muscarinic Cholinergic Antagonist |
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Definition
also called Anticholinergics
Competitively bind with muscarinic receptors without stimulating them.
Prevents acetylcholide from binding
ex: Atropine |
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Term
| Nicotininc Cholinergic Antagonists |
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Definition
block Nicotinic receptors
block receptors either at Ganglia or neuromuscular junction |
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Term
| Drugs used to affect the Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Cholinergic
Anticholinergic
Ganglionit Blocking agents
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Ganglionic Stimuling Agents
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Term
| Ganglionic Blocking Agents |
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Definition
Competitive agonist at the nicotinic recptors in the autonomic ganglia
Block acetylcholine
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Term
| Neuromuscular Blocking Agents |
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Definition
produces state of paralysis without affecting consciousness.
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Term
| Ganglionic Stimulating Agents |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs used to affect the sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Adrenergic Agonists
sympathomimetics
Adrenergic Antagonists
sympatholytics
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha1 (α1) - Vasoconstriction
Alpha2 (α2) - Presynapsic terminal inhibition
Beta1 (β1) - Increased HR, contractility, conductivity and automaticity
Beta2 (β2) - Bronchodilation + arteriole dilation
Beta3 (β3) - Lypolysis of adipose tissues
Dopaminergic - vasodilation in the kidneys
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