Term
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Definition
| the clinical indication for giving the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| the way the body processes a drug (the effect of the body on the drug) |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage of substances across and info tissues. (several factors affect the completeness and rate of drug absorption, the completeness of absorption is the portion of the drug that is absorbed, can be affected by route of administration, age, drug solublity, ionization, bioavailablity) |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of the drug through the bloodstream into tissues and cells. It depends on 3 factors: blood flow to tissues, drug's ability to leave the blood, and drug's ability to enter cell.Drugs must leave the blood stream and enter tissue because most drugs don't produce their effect while in the blood stream. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the drug actually does to the body. It's the biological, chemical, and physiologic actions of a particular drug w/in the body and the study of how those actions occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| The breaking down of a substance to an active or inactive form. (Hepatic First-pass phenomenon)metabolism of drugs occur mostly in the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most drugs are excreted by the kidney unchanged or as a metabolite. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any effect the client experiences that is other than the desired response. |
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Term
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Definition
| minor effect, usually causes some minor discomfort to the client. usually don't discontinue tx. |
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Term
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Definition
| more serious, usually results in organ impairment/damage or death. |
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Term
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Definition
| 10% of all adverse effects. Client has increasing reactivity to subsequent exposures. |
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Term
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Definition
| MEDICAL EMERGENCY! contraction of smooth muscles and increase vascular permeability. client experiences dyspnea, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, hypotension, dysrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| exaggerated or diminished response. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two or more "like" drugs are combined, can be a good or bad response. |
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Term
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Definition
| when two "unlike" drugs are combined, can be good or bad response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interaction in which the effect of only one of two drugs are increased. |
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Term
| Antagonistic interactions |
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Definition
| effect of the combinations of drugs is less than the drug alone-cancel each other out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the drug using exact chemical nomenclature to show atomic/molecular structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pharmacologic facts relevant to each drug: pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, contraindications and precautions, adverse effects, drug interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| assess the patient for factors that may/will interact w/ drug therapy: health status, life span, gender, lifestyle, diet, habits, environment, culture, and inherited traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| typical of a group of drugs w/in a drug class, typically the first drug in a class EX: hydrochlorothiazide is a prototype that represents thiazide diuretics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies the active ingredient in the drug, derived from chemical name, first letter is NOT capitalized, non-proprietary name. |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA prescription drugs, must be identified by the legend (inscription) on the container "caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing w/o a prescription" or on a controlled substance Rx: "caution: Federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed." |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs used to treat rare/unusual diseases, no one wants the cost of developing these meds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of drugs and their interaction at any cellular level-w/in the body's component's. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science of preparing and dispensing medications. |
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Term
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Definition
| the brand name provided by manufacturer, protected by trademark, first letter IS capitalized. |
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Term
| Protein bindings influence on distribution: |
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Definition
| Only drug molecules that are unattached to protein are capable of moving to their site of action and achieving the desired therapeutic effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| When drugs are metabolized, they are changed from their original form to a new form, generally from lipophilic into hydrophilic substances.The ability for drug to become soluble in water is important because it allows the drug to be excreted through the renal system. |
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Term
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Definition
| A product of metabolism, that are generally changed into an inactive form, but occasionally changed into an active metabolite. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that are inactive until metabolized into an active form. |
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Term
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Definition
| when highly metabolized drugs lose much of their effectiveness during the first pass through the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that inhibit a hepatic enzyme slow the metabolism that occurs through that pathway causing an increase in the circulating active drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that increase the amt of hepatic enzyme in the liver. more enzyme=more metabolism through that pathway resulting in less drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes its chemical base |
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Term
| physiologic classification |
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Definition
| describes its effect on body systems |
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Term
| therapeutic classification |
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Definition
| describes the drug by its use in therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| designed to provide basic safety, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and initial efficacy data about the drug and are carried out in animal subjects in the laboratory setting. |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in 4 phases, may require 5-9 yrs for completion. Phase 1-3 take place before a new drug is marketed, phase 4 is completed after marketing begins. |
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Term
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Definition
| patients who respond in a positive way to any therapeutic intervention by interested and caring health care personnel. It may involve objective physiologic and biochemical changes as well sa changes in subjective complaints (stomach ache, insomnia, sedation) associated with the disorder being treated. Placebo occurs in 20-40% of patients in almost all studies. |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that are categorized by their potential abuse and medical usefulness on a scale of I to V. |
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