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Pharmacology Test 1
Hypertension, CA, and CHF Medications
66
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/07/2016

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Cards

Term
What does renin do?
Definition
converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Term
What does ACE do?
Definition
Converts Angiotensin I to II
Term
What is Angiotensin II?
Definition
A very potent vasoCONSTRICTOR
Term
What is aldosterone?
Definition
Enhances the reabsorption of Na and H+ from the renal tubules (opposite of a diuretic
Term
What are prostaglandins?
Definition
produced in the kidneys, they counteract the vasoconstriction effects from trauma, ischemia etc.
Term
What is the mechanism of diuretics?
Definition
reduce plasma volume levels by decreasing absorption in he kidneys
Term
What are the classes of diuretics?
Definition
Thiazide (which is the most effective!)
Loop
K Sparing/aldosterone antagonists
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Term
Furosemide (lasix) and bumetanide (bumex) are what type of diuretic?
Definition
Loop. Inhibit re absorption of Na and CL in the ascending loop of Henle and distal tubule
Term
What are some adverse effect of diuretics?
Definition
Dehydration, hypokalemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia increased LDL's
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide and metolazone are what type of diuretic?
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
Whats the MOA of thiazide diuretics?
Definition
promote Na and K excretion and re-absorption of Ca
Term
What are some adverse effects of thiazides?
Definition
hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, , hypercalcemia, orthostatic hypertension
Term
Triamterene and Spironolactone are what type of diuretic?
Definition
Potassium sparing/aldosterone antagonists
Term
What is the MOA of K sparing/aldosterone antagonist diuretics?
Definition
act in the collecting tubule to inhibit Na re-absorption and K excretion
Term
What are some adverse effects of k sparing/aldosterone antagonist diuretics?
Definition
hyperkalemia, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, gynecomastia in males
Term
What type of diuretic is Acetazolamide (mide)
Definition
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Term
What is the MOA of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?
Definition
Inhibits in, cuasing the reduction of hydrogen ion secretion at the renal tubule resulting in similar diuretic effects to other classes
Term
What are the biggest concerns for therapists when a patient is taking diuretics?
Definition
Hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, urinary incontinence
Term
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol, and Carbvedilol are what type of drug?
Definition
Beta Blocker
Term
What is the MOA for beta blockers?
Definition
reduce heart rate, contractility, and peripheral vascular resistance via a blockade of beta receptors
Term
What are the big concerns for therapists when someone is taking a beta blocker?
Definition
Blood pressure, pulse irregularities, energy level, and dyspnea
Term
Doxazosin and Tamulosin (sin) are what type of drug?
Definition
Alpha Blockers
Term
what is the MOA for alpha blockers?
Definition
vasodilation and decrease in peripheral vascular resistance
Term
What are some adverse effect of alpha blockers?
Definition
postural hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias
Term
Clonidine (dine) is what type of drug?
Definition
Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist
Term
what is the MOA of alhpa2 adrenergic agonists?
Definition
decrease peripheral vascular resistance
Term
Whats the big adverse drug effect that can happens with A2AA's that separates it from other blockers?
Definition
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Term
Hydralazine and Nitroglycerin are what type of drug?
Definition
Direct Vasodilators
Term
Diltiazem, Verapamil, Amlodipine, and Nifedipine are what type of drug? (dipine)
Definition
Calcium Channel Blockers
Term
What are some adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
Definition
headache, dizzeness, hypotension, bradycardia, flushing, constipation, sweating, swelling
Term
Lisinopril and Enalapril are what type of drug?
Definition
ACE inhibitors
Term
What are some adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?
Definition
cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, and angioedema
Term
Valsartan and Losartan are what type of drug? (sartan)
Definition
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB's)
Term
What big side effect does ARB's NOT have compared to other drugs that treat hypertension?
Definition
NO COUGH
Term
Aliskiren is what type of drug?
Definition
Renin Inhibitor
Term
Nitroglycerin and Isosorbide dinitrate are what type of drug?
Definition
Nitrates
Term
What is the MOA of Nitrates?
Definition
dilation of systemic veins and arteries
Term
What therapeutic modality should be avoided with someone who is taking a nitrate?
Definition
heat modalities (enhancing vasodilation)cause syncope
Term
What are some important side effects of nitrates?
Definition
tachycardia, dizziness, hypotension, weakness
Term
What is MONA-B in a CV emergency incident?
Definition
M-Morphine, cuases vasodilation/pain relief
O- Oxygen to stabilize
N-Nitrates cuases vasodilation and pain relief
A-Aspirin to inhibit further platelet aggregation
B-Betablocker to help decrease rate of re-infarction
Term
What type of drug is Aspirin and Clopidogrel? What's its specific job?
Definition
Anti-platelet Agent, and it inhibits platelet aggregation
Term
What are some adverse effects of Aspirin?
Definition
bleeding, bruising, GI Irritation
Term
Heparin, Enoxaparin, warfarin, and fondaparinuz are what type of drug? What specific job?
Definition
Anticoagulants, used to prevent the existing clot from extending
Term
Rivaroxaban and Apiaban are what type of drugs and when are they used?
Definition
Anticoagulants, Oral Caftor XA inhibitors, used to prevent the existing clot from extending
Term
What does Dabigatran do?
Definition
inhibits thrombis formation (anticoagulant)
Term
What things as physical therapists do we need to be careful of with someone who is taking drugs for CA?
Definition
Caution of deep tissue massage, causing bruising
May easily bleed, patients who bump theree heads on get jabbed in the stomach may be suseptible to internal bleeding
Debridement must be done extremely carefully, otherwise may cause excessive bleeding
Term
What are the 4 contraindications for patients on anticoagulants?
Definition
Debridement
Rigorous manual techniques
Deep tissue massage
Chest percussion
Term
Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, and other "plase) type dreugs do what? Specific job?
Definition
Thrombolytic Agents that lyse the clot after its been formed
Term
What are some good drug classes to use to prevent cholesterol synthesis?
Definition
Statins, bile acid resins, nicotinic acid, fibric acid
Term
What is the first line of therapy for management of cholesterol?
Definition
statins
Term
What can statins cause that may interfere/alter treatment?
Definition
muscle pain and myopathy!!!
Term
Name three major types of statins
Definition
Lipitor, Zocor, Crestor (the "ors")
Term
Cilostazol and Pentoxifylline are used for what?
Definition
intermittent claudication. Cilostazol has vasodilator properties, pentoxifylline allows cells to squeeze through vessels and lowers fibrinogen levels (also has anti-platelet effects)
Term
2 types of cardiac failure?
Definition
Systolic --> decreased ejection fraction
Diastolic --> reduced cardiac output
Term
What are some symptoms of CHF?
Definition
dyspnea, cyanosis, edema, fatigue, weight gain, jugular vein distention
Term
Describe the 3 stages of CHF treatment.
Definition
Stage A: ACE inhibitors, ARB's, statins
Stage B: beta blockers
Stage C: spironolactone, loop diuretics, digoxin, hydralazine, isisobide
Term
What three things influence your treatment when someone has CHF? (based off of symptoms)
Definition
Decreased energy level
SOB
Edema
Term
what things can cause arrhythmias?
Definition
Abnormal ischemic events, hypoxia, scar tissue, drug toxicity, electrolyte imbalance
Term
What are the 5 phases of cardiac conduction?
Definition
Phase 0: rapeid depol
Phase 1: brief repol
Phase 2: plateau
phase 3: re-polarization
phase 4: rest
Term
Quinidine, disopyramide and procainade are what type of drug?
Definition
Class Ia Antiarrhythmia
Term
Lidocaine, mexiletine, and tocainide are what type of drug?
Definition
Class Ib Antiarrhythmia
Term
Flecainide and propagenone are what type of drug?
Definition
Class Ic Antiarrhythmia
Term
Class II agents of arrythmia treatment are why type of drug?
Definition
Beta blockers ("lol's")
Term
What is the MOA of class III agents?
Definition
prolong repolarization and refactory period
Term
whats the MOA of class IV agents in antiarrhythmia treatment?
Definition
inhibit calcium transport through the membrane channels, decreasing contractility
Term
What things as physical therapists do we need to look out for when treating someone who is taking anti-arrhythmia medication?
Definition
Faitness (fall risk), dizziness (fall risk), and visual disturbances (fall risk!!!!) possible muscle weakness as well
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