Term
Amphetamines
Amphetamine (Adderall)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
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Definition
*high potential for abuse
Action: stimulates release of norepinephrine & dopamine
Uses: increase wakefulness in narcolepsy, increase attention span, decrease hyperactivity
Side Effects: tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), palpitations, hypertension
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Term
Amphetamine-Like Drugs
ADHD: Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Narcolepsy: Modafinil (Provigil)
Pemoline (Cylert)
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Definition
*Not good with caffeine
Actions: acts on cerebral cortex, reticular activity system
Uses: ADHD, fatique, narcolepsy
Interactions: caffine may increase effects
Sife Effects: tachycardia, palipitations, dizziness, hypertension, increased hyperactivity
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Term
Analeptics (Respiratory Distress)
Caffeine
Theophylline
NoDoz
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Definition
Uses: stimulate respiration, especially in newborns; overdose, COPD, respiratory distress
Side Effects: tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness, tremors
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Term
Anorexiants
Dextroamphetamine (Dexadrine) |
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Definition
Action: supresses appetite
Uses: obesity
Side effects: hypertension, tachycardia, trembling
* not designed for long-term, only about 12 to 14 weeks
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Term
Respiratory CNS Stimulants
Doxapram (Dopram)
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Definition
Uses: respiratory depression
Onset of Action: 20-40 seconds, peak within 2 minutes
Side Effects: hypertension, tachycardia, trembling
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Term
| Migraine and Cluster Headaches |
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Definition
Caused by inflammation and dilation of cranial arteries
Prevention:
Beta-adrenergic blockers: Propranoil (Inderal)
Anticonvulsants: Valproic acid (Depakote), Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline (Elavil)
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Term
| Migraine & Cluster Headaches |
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Definition
Analgesics: Apsirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), NSAIDS: Ibuprofen, naproxen (Aleve)
Selective serotonin receptor agonists: (Triptans:)
Sumatriptan (Imitrex), Zolmitriptan (Zomig)
(Causes vasoconstriction of arteries)
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Term
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Definition
Action: causes vasoconstriction of arteries
Use: treat migraine & cluster headaches
Side Effects: warm sensation, dizziness, tingling
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Term
| Sedative Hypnotics (mildest form of CNS depression) Take too many, develop a drug dependence to these drugs. |
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Definition
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Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepines
Piperidinediones
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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General Side Effects: Residual drowsiness (hangover), drug dependence, drug tolerance, excessive depression, respiratory depression, withdrawal sypmtoms |
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Term
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Definition
1)Ultrashort-acting: used as a general anesthetic
(e.g. thiopental sodium (Pentothal))
2) Short-acting: Induce sleep, no residual drowsiness
(e.g. pentobarbital (Nembutal), secobarbital (Seconal)
3) Intermediate-acting: Induce & sustain sleep, residual drowsiness (hangover), used in hospital setting
(e.g. amobarbital (Amytal), butabarbital (Butisol)
4) Long-acting: used to control seizures
(e.g. phenobarbital) |
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Term
| Barbiturates: Secobarbital |
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Definition
Action: depression of CNS
Use: short-acting to treat insomnia
Side Effect: hangover, sizziness, laryngospasm
Interactions: decreased respirations with alcohol, CNS depressants and MAOIs |
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Term
Benzodiazepines (as hypnotics)
Temazepam (Restoril) |
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Definition
Action: Interacts with neurotransmitters
Uses: reduce anxiety, treat insomnia |
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Term
Nonbenzodiazepines (as hypnotics)
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) |
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Definition
Action: neurotransmitter inhibition
Use: treat short-term insomnia |
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