Term
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Definition
cramp which is a sudden involuntary, painful muscle contraction.
Usually a result of overuse or musculoskeletal injury, sprains, strains, bursitis, arthritis
-clonic = intermittant contraction/relaxation
-tonic = sustained contraction |
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Term
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Definition
involve increased muscle tone or contraction and stiff awkward movements
Occurs with spinal cord injury, MS (Multiple Sclerosis) |
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Term
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Definition
-idiopathic autoimmune disease
-effects more women than men
-demylenation of brain, spinal cord, optic nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the insulation of nerves is destroyed. This causes slow or blocked nerve impulses. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of balance, Muscle spasms, Numbness or abnormal sensation in any area, Problems moving arms or legs, Problems walking, Problems with coordination and making small movements, Tremor in one or more arms or legs, Weakness in one or more arms or legs
-Constipation and stool leakage, Difficulty beginning to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Strong urge to urinate, Urine leakage (incontinence)
-Double vision,Eye discomfort, Uncontrollable rapid eye movements, Vision loss
-Facial pain , Painful muscle spasms, Tingling, crawling, or burning feeling in the arms and legs
ETC.
Sexual problems, swallowing, speaking problems, decreased attention span, poor judgement |
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Term
| Stimuli that precipitate spasms |
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Definition
Muscle stretching,
bladder infxns, stones, constipation (any obstructions can cause spasm). |
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Term
| Stimuli that precipitate spasms |
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Definition
Muscle stretching,
bladder infxns, stones, constipation (any obstructions can cause spasm). |
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Term
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Definition
emotional stress
fatigue
infxns
heat
(heat is almost always a contributing factor for sdisease manifestations. as with chemical processes it speends up rxns) |
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Term
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Definition
Steroids - acute exacerbations
Interferon beta - prevent relapse
Immunosuppressants (methotrexate) - treat progression
Antidepressants
Skeletal muscle relaxants - control spasticity |
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Term
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Definition
Complication of anesthesia
-Hypercarbia (too much carbon in blood)
-Metabolic Acidosis
-Skeletal muscle rigidity
-fever
-cyanosis
rare and life threatening
Treated with muscle relaxant
Dantrolene (dantrium)(only works on muscle fiber) |
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Term
| mechanism of skeletal muscle relaxant |
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Definition
All muscle relaxants except for Dantorlene are centrally active drugs.
They work to depress the CNS.
reduce nerve impulses along fiber. |
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Term
| Contraindications for skeletal muscle relaxant use |
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Definition
impaired renal func.
impaired kidney func.
respi. depression
Glaucoma
Cardiac dysrhythmias
causes muscle weakness and should not be used with activities requiring alertness/coordination |
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Term
| ______ _______ ________ are used to decease muscle spasm or spasticity that occurs in certain neurologic and musculoskeletal disorders. |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle relaxants |
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Term
| ___ ___ or cramp is a sudden, involuntary, painful muscle contraction that occurs with musculoskeletal trauma |
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Definition
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Term
Spasm may be ______ (alternating between contraction and relaxation)+
20 |
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Definition
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Term
| Spasm may be ______ (sustained contraction) |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ involves increased muscle tone or contraction and stiff, awkward movements. |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to relieve discomfort from acute, painful musculoskeletal disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| An alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, similar to clonidine, that is used to treat spasticity in MS patients, spinal cord injuries, & brain trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| used maily to treat spasticity in MS and spinal cord injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| Acts directly on skeletal muscle to inhibit muscle contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to relive discomfort from acute, painful muscloskeletal disorders; also may be used to treat tetanus. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
idiopathic, autoimmune destruction of myeline, aka demyelination of nerve fibers in brain spinal cord & optic nerve.
Myelin is need for smooth rapid transmission of impulses along nerve fibers. Without myelin the impulse is slowed or blocked. Can be acute, subacute, or chronic. |
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Term
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Definition
potent anti-inflammatory drugs
used to treat acute exacerbations. |
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Term
| Interferon-beta, Glatiramer, & mitoxantrone |
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Definition
| suppress the immune system and are given to prevent relapses |
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Term
| Other drugs (antidepressants, antibiotics, anticonvulsants for neuropathic pain) |
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Definition
| are used to treat symptoms |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle relaxants |
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Definition
| Dantroline, Baclofen, tizanidine, |
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Term
| Dantrolene, Baclofen,tizanidine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| only muscle relaxant that works directly on skeletal muscle. Everyone else gets down with the CNS. -get it, gets down as in depresses CNS. |
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Term
| Why skeletal muscle relaxants? |
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Definition
When pain impedes progress during physical therapy.
When ADL are impaired do to pain.
When pain impedes sitting in a wheel chair or participating in physical therapy |
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Term
| What to do if you are diagnose with MS? |
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Definition
| enroll in physical therapy to maintain muscle tone. enroll in occupational therapy to maintain ability to perform ADLs. |
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Term
| How to cope with dizziness/confusion brought on by Baclofen? |
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Definition
| Consider what times of day alertness is needed. Since Baclofen acts in 1 hour, peaks in 2 and last 4 to 8 hours consider taking them when mental faculties are being least tested. |
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Term
| Drugs used to treat spasticity with MS are ______ & __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| To treat muscle spasms and spasticity, the dr. may order: |
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Definition
| Occupational & Physical therapy |
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Term
| Baclofen & Tizanidine. Which drug used for spaticity causes fewer side effects |
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Definition
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