Term
|
Definition
| Reversible inhibition of growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversible inhibition of growth |
|
|
Term
| What is postantibiotic effect ? |
|
Definition
| Killing action continues once drug plasma levels are below measurable levels |
|
|
Term
| MBC and MIC of bactericidal agent are ? |
|
Definition
| MBC of a truly bactericidal agent is equal to or just slightly below its MIC |
|
|
Term
| What is MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) ? |
|
Definition
| Lowest concentration of antibiotic that prevents visible growth |
|
|
Term
| What kind of cell wall do gram positive bacteria have ? |
|
Definition
| Have a thick mesh-like cell wall made of peptidoglycan that stains purple |
|
|
Term
| Exs of gram positive bacteria ? |
|
Definition
BESS CLAM
Bacillus
Enterococcus
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Clostridium
Listeria
Actinobacteria
Mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| Choice of antimicrobial drug is influenced by what 2 things ? |
|
Definition
Site of infection
Patients history |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin does not penetrate blood brain barrier b/c ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don't give Vancomycin to someone with ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don't give Nafcicillin to someone with ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of administration is preferred for mild vs. serious infections ? |
|
Definition
Mild infections = oral admin. preferred
Serious infections = parenteral admin. preferred |
|
|
Term
| What are some drugs that are cell wall synthesis inhibitors ? |
|
Definition
B-lactam antibiotics
Bacitracin
Daptomycin
Fosfomycin
Vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| Target site for Beta-lactam antibiotics is ? |
|
Definition
| PBPs(Penicillin-binding proteins) which are bacterial enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
| M. Tuberculosis has what type of cell wall ? |
|
Definition
| Mycolic acid cell wall, not peptidoglycan |
|
|
Term
| Penicillins are useless against what orgs ? |
|
Definition
| Organisms w/o peptidoglycan cell wall like mycoplasma, porotozoa, fungi, and viruses |
|
|
Term
| Penicillins activate what to initiate cell death ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillins can cross cell walls of gram positive bacteria easier than porins of gram negative bacteria. True or False ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) is active against gram positive and gram negative species, but is not active against what ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) is drug of choice for what 3 things ? |
|
Definition
1) Syphilis
2) Strep infections (especially to prevent rheumatic fever)
3) Susceptible pneumococci |
|
|
Term
| Two examples of Repository Penicillins ? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin G Procaine and Penicillin G Benzathine |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin G Benzathine is drug of choice for what 2 things ? |
|
Definition
Syphilis (congenital syphilis and neurosyphilis)
Rheumatic fever prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
| Two unique things about the natural penicillin, Penicillin V ? |
|
Definition
1) Can give orally
2) Drug of choice for strep throat |
|
|
Term
| What are the "Antistaphylococcal" Penicillins ? |
|
Definition
M N O D
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
All are Beta-Lactamase resistant |
|
|
Term
| Antistaphylococcal penicillins (MNOD) have what clinical uses ? |
|
Definition
Can treat only Beta-lactamase producing staphylococci
First-line trt for staphylococci endocarditis in pts w/o artificial heart valves |
|
|
Term
| Two exs of "extended spectrum penicillins" ? |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin and Amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
| Unique feature of Amoxicillin ? |
|
Definition
| Has higher oral bioavailability than other penicillins |
|
|
Term
| Can give for endocarditis prophylaxis during dental or respiratory tract procedures ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can give to treat enterococci and Listeria infections ? |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin and aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
| For pregnant woman with a UTI or otitis media, can give what two drugs ? |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin or Amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
| Exs of "Antipseudomonal Penicillins" ? |
|
Definition
C T P
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin |
|
|
Term
| "AntiPseudomonal Penicillins" (CTP) are active against what bacteria ? |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa !! |
|
|
Term
| What two drugs should not be placed together in same infusion fluid but are an empiric treatment for infective (ex: Strep Vridans) endocarditis ? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin + Aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
| Which penicillin's absorption is not impaired by food ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don't use this class of drugs for prostatitis or eye problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which penicillin is excreted primarily in bile ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Penicillins ? |
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity, GI problems, Psudomembranous colitis, Maculopapular rash, nephritis, neurotoxicity (in epileptic pts.), hepatitis, etc... |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin that has adverse effect of Pseudomembranous colitis ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin that has adverse effect of Maculopapular rash ? |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin and Amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin that has adverse effect of Hematologic toxicity ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin that has adverse effect of neutropenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin that has adverse effect of interstitial nephritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin that has adverse effect of hepatitis ? |
|
Definition
|
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