Term
| This term means "kills bacteria". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin are bactericidal or bacteriostatic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of enzyme is found is penicillin-Type 1, and cephalosporins-Type II; it can be the site of action for some bacterial enzyme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an antimicrobial drug is used, traces of the drug can be found in the tissue long after the drug has been stopped. This term refers to these traces of left over drug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of toxicities associated with aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____form complexes with calcium in developing bones and teeth and should not be given to young animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is important that animals receiving sulfonamides have adequate _____ available, since crystals can form in the urine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ketoconazole causes ______, and the live functions should be monitored during use. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is a condition called "dry eye" due to the decreased function of the tear glands; is a condition that can result from the use of sulfonamine antibiotics. |
|
Definition
| KCS-Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca |
|
|
Term
| This drug concentration is the lower end of the therapeutic range for antibiotic; this is the concentration of drug at which bacteria are inhibited. |
|
Definition
| MIC-minimum inhibitory concentration |
|
|
Term
| This process by which bacteria are isolated and their susceptibility to different antimicrobial drugs is determined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antifungal used to treat Candida infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used to treat viral infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial used widely before the advent of penicillin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycoside antibiotic that may cause nephro- and ototoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has duration approximately 24 hours; often combined with benzathine form for longer duration of base drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic known as cephalosporin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used orally and topically to treat fungal infections by causing leaking of the fungal cell membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Category of antiparasitic that work against endo- and ectoparasites and includes the drug ivermectin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Commonly used antinematodal that includes the brand name product Panacur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholinesterase inhibitor that is used against endo- ectoparasites and has a narrow safety margin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quick-kill chemical found in flea products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A drug that is used to treat demodectic mange in dogs is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Giardia lamblia infections should include. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All heartworm preventatives also control intestinal parasites-TRUE OR FALSE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All flea products also control ticks-TRUE OR FALSE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The active ingredient of the most common once-a-month dewormer in pet stores is. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of drug is an osmotic diuretic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mannitol is administered IV and reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing the vitreous humor volume, what type of drug is Mannitol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This osmotic diuretic drug can also be used to reduce intracranial pressure in traumatic head/brain injuries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are most ophthalmic drugs human label or veterinary label? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medical name for dry eye? |
|
Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca |
|
|
Term
| Why would a vet prescribe oral diazepam to a dog for treatment of alopecia that is moist and erythemic on the surface of the front leg. |
|
Definition
| As a behavioral modifying drug to stop psychogenic alopecia (excessive self-licking) |
|
|
Term
| What shampoo is used as a treatment for seborrhea oleosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What product should not be used in food animals with otitis due to human risk of developing aplastic anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs can have ototoxcity effects? |
|
Definition
| Gentamicin Sulfate and Neomycin Sulfate |
|
|
Term
| A dog has a corneal scratch, what product helps diagnose the corneal scratch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What product is contraindicated in a poodle? |
|
Definition
| Steroid (corticosteroid) opthalmic drugs |
|
|
Term
| A kitten is presented with excessive ear scratching, what would be a good thing to check on the kitten? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The kitten is positive with ear mites, what are some treatment options? |
|
Definition
| Pyrethrins, Rotenone, Ivermectin, Mibemycin |
|
|
Term
| When you are getting ready to do an ear cleaning or treat an ear infection, what must you always do first? |
|
Definition
| Use an otoscope to check and make sure the tympatic membrane is not ruptured |
|
|
Term
| If there is a ruptured tympanic membrane, what solutions must be avoided? |
|
Definition
| cleaning solutions and topical medications. Saline is safe to use. |
|
|
Term
| A dog is presented with oily and scaly skin. What is the dog diagnosed with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shampoo ingredients could be used on dogs with oily and scaly skin? |
|
Definition
| Sulfur, Salicylic acid, Coal tar, Benzoyl peroxide, Selenium sulfide |
|
|
Term
| What class is Amoxicillin in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class is Gentamincin in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class is Enrofloxcin (Baytril) in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class is Cefadroxil (Cefa-tabs) in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the broth dilution susceptibility test or the agar diffusion test give more information regarding the possible dosage of antibiotic to use for a patient? |
|
Definition
| The broth dilution susceptibility test gives more information regarding the MIC |
|
|
Term
| What useful property does the antibiotic Clavamox have compared to similar anitmicrobials? |
|
Definition
| Clavamox contains clavulanate potassium (Clvulanic acid) |
|
|
Term
| What type of infective agent does acyclovir and interferon work against? |
|
Definition
| Viruses, they are antiviral; interferon also has antineoplastic and immunoregulatory effects. |
|
|
Term
| Name a couple of beta-lactamase resistant penicillin's? |
|
Definition
| Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin |
|
|
Term
| Penicillin's are primarily excreted by what organ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can cause discoloration and affect formation of bone and teeth in young/growing animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enrofloxcin, Ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Inhibits bacterial cell well synthesis by binding with PBPs (bacterial enzymes) |
|
Definition
| Cephalosporins and Penicillins |
|
|
Term
| Second generation of this drug is resistant to beta-lactamase II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug inhibits bacterial enzyme which causes bacterial DNA to coil in the nucleus (DNAgyrase) |
|
Definition
| Enroflaxin, Ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Adverse reactions include canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibit protein synthesis |
|
Definition
| Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Spectinomycin |
|
|
Term
| Restricted to topical skin and ophthalmic application |
|
Definition
| Polymycin B and bacitracin |
|
|
Term
| Formation of lesions on joint articular cartilage in rapid growth phases of young animals |
|
Definition
| Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| A ______is an anthelmintic that kills the worm, as opposed to a ________, which only paralyzes the worm and often results in passage of live worm in the stool. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amitraz is toxic to ____, so it should not be used in those species. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is a very common treatment for organophosphate toxicity. Also pralidoxime (2-PAM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ivermectin toxicities are unique to come _____breeds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Melarsomine dihydrochloride is an arsenic agent used in treatment of ___________ caused by immature to adult infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The long-lasting residual properites of __________ poses a threat as an environmental hazard, and as a result, many of these types of products have been banned. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the most commonly used antiseptic/disinfectant in vet med; Biguanide compound-bactericidal, fungicidal, some activity against viruses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Quarternary ammonia compound (Roccal-D Plus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used as soap scrubs and found in many household disinfectants (i.e. Lysol) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sodium hypochlorite is the ingredient found in most household versions of this disinfectant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common antiseptic found in most surgical scrubs, can stain, and can be inactivated by organic material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can be used to sterilize against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but must be handled carefully due to its carcinogenic effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is an increase in the intraocular pressure inside the eye influenced by an increase in the production or a decrease in drainage of the aqueous humor, which is the watery fluid in the front part of the eye (anterior chamber). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is often hereditary and caused by malformation or structural defect of the drainage angle for the aqueous humor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is cause by a number of conditions which cause a change in the angle of drainage including inflammation of the iris, neoplasia and bleeding inside the eye. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug _____, a parasympathomimetic, decreases the size of the ciliary body which results in a larger outflow angle and decreased intra-ocular pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug _________, a sypathomimetic, will decrease the production of aqueous humor by causing constriction of blood vessels and decrease blood flow to the ciliary body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atropine ophthalmic agents are used to produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine is contraindicated in _____ glaucoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is an inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and eventually the inner layers the eye (retina) leading to blindness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is a method of measuring intraocular pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This condition results from a decreased secretion of the lacrimal glands. |
|
Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
|
|
Term
| This ophthalmic drug stimulates increased tear production and may take several weeks before the effects of therapy are evident. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These drugs should not be used in cats that have an ocular herpes virus infection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is an oral medication that used to reduce intraocular pressure in emergency situations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ophthalmic drug administered intravenously to reduce intraocular pressure _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug is used to treat primary glaucoma and is contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease or pulmonary disease with bronchioconstriction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This topical ophthalmic anesthetic can inhibit growth of bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These are used during intraocular surgery to surgery to minimize loss of fluid from the anterior chamber during cataract removal or other ocular surgeries. |
|
Definition
| Viscoelastic substances (Hyluronic acid) |
|
|
Term
| _____drugs that paralyze the ciliary muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug produces mydriasis and vasoconstriction (no cycloplegia), and is used in the evaluation of uveitis and Horner's Syndrome |
|
Definition
| Phenylephrine Hydrochloride |
|
|
Term
| This drug is used for ocular fungus examination and is contraindicated with glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These types of drugs increase outflow of aqueous humor through the uveal and sclera pathways. |
|
Definition
| Topical Prostoglandins, Bimatoprost, Travoprost |
|
|
Term
| This drug is used in the treatment of glaucoma in those patients that have respiratory disease or asthma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ are biodegradable contact lens made from bovine or porcine collagen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fungal keratitis occurs most commonly in what species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cleaning debris from the ear, you should only use _____ to clean the ear if the tympanic membrane is ruptured. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These three classes of antiparasitics have been used in the treatment of ear mites_______,_______, _______ |
|
Definition
| Pyrethins, Rotenone, Ivermectin |
|
|
Term
| This drug can be used for antiparasitic, antifungal, and antibacterial otitis externa infection, can cause an ototoxicity, and should not be used in patients that have a ruptured tympanic membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This class of topical otic drugs should not be used in combination with neomycin sulfate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is defined as inflammation of the external ear canal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are used to remove necrotic tissue, debris, and wax. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are used to remove excess moisture from the ear canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____should not be used in the presence of a ruptured tympanic membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is defined as inflammation of the middle ear; the diagnosis is sometimes difficult because the animal shows no clinical signs; other times it is presented with purulent discharge and head shaking. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keratolytics and keratoplastics are known as _____ agents. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a drug used to treat thrush in equines. |
|
Definition
| topical antifungalagents, copper naphthenate |
|
|
Term
| What behavior altering drug can assist in psyogenic conditions such as excessive self-licking and / or mutilation (there are a few) |
|
Definition
| Amitriphyline, Diazepam, Fluoxetine, Phenobarbital, Naloxone, Naltrexone |
|
|
Term
| This is a skin condition that is characterized by abnormal flaking or scaling of outermost layer of epidermis and accompanied by increased production of sebum oil. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This compound (available in a shampoo) is recommended for the treatment of seborrhea oleosa, hot spots, skinfold/pustular dermatitis, and is safe for use in cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is an iodine-based antiseptic that has non-staining effects when applied. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This oral supplement is used to control puritus due to certain dermatological conditions and may also be used to improve the luster of the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate derived from aloe vera, promotes fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, _______, and epithelialization. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the four stages of wound healing: |
|
Definition
| inflammation, debridement, repair, and maturation |
|
|
Term
| ______ is the development and/or migration of capillaries in the wound healing process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This shampoo which is used for treating dry eczema and seborrhea, and has degreasing and antifungal properties, is not safe to use in cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A type of skin infection and refers to fungal agents like "ringworm". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This term means "keeps bacteria from growing or multiplying". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Means "toxic to the ear"; occurs with aminoglycosides. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme produced by bacteria (especially Staphylococci) that can disable penicillin's and cephalosporins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a bacteria cannot be killed by a particular drug, it is said to be this. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta-lactam resistant antibiotics that are naturally resistant against penicillinase. |
|
Definition
| cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin |
|
|
Term
| This group of antibiotics are known for being very safe with the exception of hypersensitivity reactions that many animals seems to have with drugs of this group; hypersensitivity reactions can be life-threatening compared to the reactions seen with sulfonamide antibiotics. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antifungl used for deep mycoses (systemic mycotic infections); causes damage to the kidneys (nephrotoxcity) of the animal almost all the time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These antimicrobials are readily chelated with calcium and magnesium; do not use orally in nursing animals, or allow animals to drink milk or eat dairy products while taking these drugs by mouth. |
|
Definition
| Tetracycline and oxytetracycline |
|
|
Term
| Use of this drug is any animal intended for food is grounds for losing your license; can cause aplastic anemia in humans. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group of beta-lactam antimicrobial classified by different "generations" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This group of antimicrobials that can have nephrotoxic side effect, are taken up with an active transport process that is oxygen dependent-effective on gram negative aerobic bacteria; hence this group of drugs is ineffective against anaerobes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This group of drugs work by binding to DNA gyrase and preventing the bacteria from replicating. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Members of the penicillin group that have the greatest range of activity against bacteria. |
|
Definition
| carbenicillin, tricarcillin, piperaccillin |
|
|
Term
| These drugs can cause adult teeth to turn yellow if these drugs were present in the body during the time when the enamel was being laid down on the developing teeth in young animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These drugs are ototoxic and nephrotoxic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Both of these classes antimicrobials work by interfering with the development of the bacterial cell wall synthesis. |
|
Definition
| penicillins and cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| This sulfonamide drug is used for its anti-inflammatory characteristics in the colon; this sulfa drug is metabolized in the colon-converted by intestinal bacteria to a sulfa drug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used to treat superficial fungal infections (ringworm); can cause birth defects, and must be given with a fatty meal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intravenous injection of relative small doses of this drug in horses has resulted in arrhythmias, collapse and death; therefor IV administration of this drug in horses is contraindicated. |
|
Definition
| tetracyclines; oxytetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| Added to sulfonamide antibiotics to increase their killing power |
|
Definition
| trimethoprim, ormetoprim, pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
| This group of antimicrobials is a associated with KCS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lincosamide drug that works well against anaerobic bacteria and there fore is used to treat deep pyodermas, abscesses, and dental infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This macrolide antibiotic is similar in its chemical structure as a compound called motilin; motilin and this macrolide antibiotic causes abdominal cramping, pain, and diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This macrolide antibiotic has produced deaths in people who accidentally or intentionally injected themselves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial antimicrobial that is effective against intestinal protozoa like Giardia; can cause neurological side effects even at normal doses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A new drug that has excellent ability to penetrate tissues; does not cause aplastic anemia like the other members in its group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Added with neomycin and polymyxin B to make a widely used antibiotic cream or ointment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the safest group of the external insecticides; characterized by its quick knock down; made from chrysanthemum flowers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Originally an insecticide developed for treatment of demodicosis; extremely toxic if ingested |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Safe, "round worm" medication found in grocery stores and pet shops; "once a month" OTC dewormer; vermifuge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Topically administered endectocide; used to control fleas and ticks, ear mites, sarcoptic mange, and as a heartworm preventative for dogs and cats; avermectin type drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiprotozoal that is used primarily in calves for treatment of coccidia and other protozoa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arsenical adulticide against Dirofilaria; requires a deep IM injections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This group of insecticides works by blocking acetylcholinesterase |
|
Definition
| organophosphates and carbamates |
|
|
Term
| A milbenycin type of antiparasitic approved for use in cattle and horses; was the active ingredient in the 6 month heart worm preventative, Pro-Heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug is in a class of drugs attach the parasite on a cellular basis by binding to the beta-tublin and preventing energy metabolism; the equine label is effective against stongyles, pinworms, and ascarids; it is also a component of Tresaderm Otic for treating mites in dogs and cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiprotozoal drug developed to be effective against the agent that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microfilaricide most commonly used (not milbemycin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxic signs include SLUDGE signs or muscle tremors progressing to paralysis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Single-treatment tapeworm medication; effective against many different species of tapeworms; it is non-toxic, and has a wide margin of saftey |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heartworm preventative avermectin approved for use in cats and dogs once a month as an oral medication; was the first canine heartworm preventative. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI Upset, Emesis |
|
|
Term
| Orally administered macrolide heartworm preventative but not an avermectin; also approved to control hookworm, ascarid, and whipworm infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Topically applied flea tablet; inhibits chitin formation in larvae and egg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Daily administered oral heartworm preventative medication; largely has been replaced by the monthly use of avermectins and milbemycins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Macrolide heartworm preventative for use in cats and dogs that is similar in structure and mechanism of action as the avermectins; also approved to treat ear mites in cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injectable and pour-on avermectin type of drug approved for use in cattle and swine to treat several internal parasites, grubs, lice, and mange; has been reported to have caused "severe adverse reactions" in other species including fatalities in dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insecticides associated with SLUDGE signs |
|
Definition
| organophosphate and carbmates |
|
|
Term
| Topically applied insecticide; removes the inhibitory effect of GABA on the nervous system causing overstimulation of the insect and death; is very safe because the receptor site for this drug in insects is very different from the receptor site in mammals; can be toxic to some fish. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The antidote for organophosphate and carbamate toxicosis; readily available in most veterinary practices; blocks acetylcholine receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insect repellant; often used in human repellent products; can cause neurologic side effects |
|
Definition
|
|
