Term
|
Definition
0.5-2 therapeutic levels
check K+ levels
s/s: hypokalemia, HA, arrhythmias, vision changes (green halos), GI
Hypokalemia: dig toxicity
Positive Inotrope
Negative Chronotrope |
|
|
Term
| Metformin (Glucophage) Action |
|
Definition
-increases uptake of glucose into cells
-decreases glucose production by liver
-decreases/delays intestinal absorption of glucose |
|
|
Term
| Metformin SE and Administration |
|
Definition
-SE: GI/ Nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, lactic acidosis, HF and MI
-PO with meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stimulates insulin release by prolonging incretin hormone
-decreases glucagon |
|
|
Term
| Januvia SE and Administration |
|
Definition
-SE: GI/nausea, upper respiratory
-PO, before or with meals |
|
|
Term
| DiaBeta (glyburide) Action |
|
Definition
| - stimulates insulin secretion by pancreas |
|
|
Term
| DiaBeta SE and Administration |
|
Definition
-SE: hypoglycemia, renal impairment, GI/nausea
-PO 30 minutes before meals |
|
|
Term
| What are the seven rights of medication administration? |
|
Definition
1. Right patient
2. Right dose
3. Right route
4. Right reason
5. Right med
6. Right documentation
7. Right time |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of Warfarin? |
|
Definition
| It decreases the production of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors in liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Increases clotting time
-Decreases clot formation and existing clots do not grow
-Maintains blood flow |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Warfarin? |
|
Definition
-Bleeding
-Blood in urine or stool
-Headache
-Upset stomach/ diarrhea
-Fever
-Rash
-Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of ACE inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| blocks angiotensin I from converting to angiotensin II lowering BP, aldosterone. It also is a vasodilator which decreases fluid retention and increases serum K+ and Na+ levels. |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of an ACE inhibitor? |
|
Definition
-Nagging Cough
-Dizziness
-Orthostatic hypotension
-ulcers
-constipation
-renal insufficiency
-rash
-hyperkalemia
-dry skin |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of calcium channel blockers? |
|
Definition
| They inhibit the movement of Ca+ ions into the cells of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, blocks muscle contraction. It is also a vasodilator. |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of calcium channel blockers? And what should patients avoid? |
|
Definition
Hypotension
Syncope
Edema
nausea
bradycardia
heart block
--grapefruit juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It binds bile acids in the intestine and allows excretion in feces rather than reabsorption. |
|
|
Term
| When is Questran contraindicated? |
|
Definition
-allergy
-complete biliary obstruction
-abnormal intestinal function
-pregnancy and lactation |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Questran? |
|
Definition
-headache
-fatigue
-drowsiness
-direct GI irritation
-Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of Zetia? |
|
Definition
| It works in the small intestine to inhibit the absorption of cholesterol. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects? |
|
Definition
-abdominal pain and diarrhea
-headache
-dizziness
-fatigue
-muscle aches and pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 tablespoon equals how many tsp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 oz equals how many TBS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 tsp equals how many mL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 TBS equals how many mL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset, peak and duration of regular insulin? |
|
Definition
Onset= 30 min
Peak= 2-3 hours
Duration= 5-7 hours |
|
|
Term
| What is the onset, peak and duration of long-acting insulin? |
|
Definition
Onset= 2-4 hrs
No peak
Duration= 24 hrs |
|
|
Term
| What is a chronotropic medication? |
|
Definition
| It changes the rate of contraction. |
|
|
Term
| What is an inotropic medication? |
|
Definition
| It changes the force of contraction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peripheral resistance L. ventricle must pump against |
|
|
Term
| What are two nursing dx and priorities for anticholinergic medications? |
|
Definition
Risk for falls r/t hypotension, sedation
--maintain safety
--complete fall risk assessment
Risk for injuries r/t blurred vision, sedation
--maintain safety
--educate patient not to operate heavy machinery |
|
|
Term
| What are interventions/ patient education about statins? |
|
Definition
-take HS
-cause myalgias-report to dr.-
-monitor liver/kidney functions
-proper diet; no grapefruit juice
-no St. John's Wort
-decreases LDLs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhibits thrombus formation
-subQ
-pre 7 day and post 7-14 days for surgery
-monitor for bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Absorption and its influences |
|
Definition
time med enters mouth till it enters the bloodstream
influenced by form, route, site, age and gender |
|
|
Term
| Distribution and its influences |
|
Definition
change molecules in body. transported by circulating body fluids
influenced by protein binding, CNS, blood brain barrier |
|
|
Term
| Metabolism and its influences |
|
Definition
method that drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by body
influenced by BMI, age, gender, LFT's, exercise and diet |
|
|
Term
| Excretion and its influences |
|
Definition
elimination of drug from body
influenced by organ function, meds, diet, age and hydration |
|
|
Term
| What is pregnancy category A? |
|
Definition
| Studies show no evidence of risk to fetus |
|
|
Term
| What is pregnancy category B? |
|
Definition
| Animal studies show no risk to fetus. No studies in humans. |
|
|
Term
| What is pregnancy category C? |
|
Definition
| Animal studies show adverse effects-no studies in humans- potential benefits outweigh risks. |
|
|
Term
| What is pregnancy category D? |
|
Definition
| Positive human fetal risk-potential benefits may outweigh risks- |
|
|
Term
| What is pregnancy category X? |
|
Definition
| Animal/human studies show fetal abnormalities. Risks outweigh the benefits. |
|
|
Term
| What is a black box warning? |
|
Definition
| FDA has determined there are serious hazards with the use of these drugs. |
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