Term
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Definition
Alpha1-adrenergic Blockers
Selectively block postsynaptic alpha1adrenergic receptions, decreasing sympathetic tone on the vasculature, dilating arterioles an veins, and lowering supine & standing BP......They do NOT cause reflex tachycardia like alpha-adrenergic blockers. They also relax smooth muscle of the bladder and prostate
--HTN, BPH, Abacterial prostatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Block ACEs in the lungs from converting angiotensin I (activated when rennin is released from the kidneys) to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Blocking this leads to:
* decreased BP,
* decreased aldosterone secretion,
* small increase in serum potassium levels,
* sodium and fluid loss;
Increased prostaglandin synthesis may also be involved in the anti-hypertensive action.
--HTN, Ht failure, reduce risk of MI/ CVA, left ventricular dysfunction post MI, diabetic neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Selectively block the binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors found in the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands.
Blocking:
*vaso-constriction effect of the rennin-angiotensin system
*Release of aldosterone leading to decreased BP
!May block vessel remodeling that occurs in HTN, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis! (cause or prevent???) |
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Term
| Warfarin Sodium, Argatroban, Dalteparin |
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Definition
Anticoagulants
Oral: interfere with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, resulting in the eventual depletion and prolongation of clotting times
Parenteral versions interfere with the conversion of prothromin to thrombin, blocking teh final step on clot formation but leaving the circulating levels of clotting factors unaffected
--prevent PE, DVT, TIA, MI, venous thrombosis, Afib w/embolization |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blockers
Antianginal & Antihypertensive
Inhibit movement of Ca ions across the membranes of cardiac & arterial muscles cells, causing:
*depression of impulse formation in specialized cardiac pacemaker cells
* slowing velocity of cardiac impulse conduction
* dilation of coronary arteries & arterioles & peripheral arterioles
These effects lead to decrased cardiac energy consumption, and increased delivery of oxygen to myocardial cells.
--Angina, HTN, arrhythmias, migranes, Raynaud's Vascular headaches |
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Term
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Definition
Beta-adrenergic Blockers
Antianginal, Antiarrhythmics, Antihypertensives
Competitively block beta-adrenergic receptors in teh heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus.
The Decrease:
*influence of the sympathetic nervous system on these tissues,
* excitability of the heart,
* cardiac workload
* oxygen consumption
* release of rennin
They lower BP
They have membrane stabilizing effects (local anesthetic) effects that contribute to their anti-arrhytmic action. Also Act in the CNS to reduce sympathetic outflow and vasoconstrictor tone
--HTN, angina, palpitations, syncope, essential tremor, migraine prophylaxis, stage fright |
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Term
Chlorothiazide,
Bumetanide, Furosemide
Amiloride, Spironolactone
Mannitol |
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Definition
Diuretics
--edema from heart failure, Cirrhosis, Renal impairment, HTN, Diabetes Insipitus, |
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Term
| Amyl Nitrate, Nitroglycerine |
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Definition
Nitrates
Antianginal which relax vascular smooth muscle w/ resultant decrease in venous return and decrease in arterial blood pressure, which reduces left ventricular work load and decreases myocardial oxygen consumption, relieving pain of angina
--Acute Angina, preoperative HTN, heart failure from acute MI |
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