Term
| primary substance released from mast cells that precipitates asthma attacks |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 primary pathophys events that characterize astham attacks |
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Definition
| inflammation and broncoconstriction |
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Term
| type of asthma med that shouldn't be used as monotherapy |
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Definition
| long-acting beta 2 agonists |
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Term
| chemical class theophylline belongs to |
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Definition
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Term
| most commonly used rescue therapy for asthma |
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Definition
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Term
| transmitter released from vagal efferents onto bronchial smooth muscle |
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Definition
| acetylcholine which causes bronchoconstriction |
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Term
| anti-asthmatic drug associated with adverse effects on mood and behavior: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of drug is ephedrine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| immediate target neutralized by Omalizumab (Xolair) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most important therapeutic effect of corticosteroids for asthma? |
|
Definition
| anti-inflammatory effects |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter associated with induction of sleep |
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Definition
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|
Term
| balcofen (lioresal) interacts with which type of neurotransmitter receptor to produce its muscle relaxant effects: |
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Definition
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Term
| therapeutic applications for benzos |
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Definition
| relief of anxiety, anticonvulsant, induction of sleep, muscle relaxation |
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Term
| a type of allosteric modulator that can activate GABAa receptors in its own right (i.e. in the absence of GABA): |
|
Definition
| barbiturates like pentobarbital (nembutal) |
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Term
| What characteristic must a receptor have in order ot be subject to inverse agonism? |
|
Definition
| must be constitutively active |
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Term
| doxylamine (unisom) is in which class? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| propranolol is indicated for this neuropsychiatric disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| primary mechanism of termination of the actions of dopamine int eh synapse is |
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Definition
| reuptake into the presynaptic terminal |
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Term
| 1.1 MAC is generally sufficient to provide a surgical plane of anesthesia because: |
|
Definition
| there is a very steep concentration response curve such that small increases in concentration cause large changes in response |
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Term
| the part of the GABAa receptor that mediates sedative hypnotic actions of benzos |
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Definition
|
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Term
| examples of ionotropic recpetors: |
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Definition
| nicotinic cholinergic; NMDA; GABAa; AMPA |
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Term
| T/F the H1 receptor is an ionotropic receptor |
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Definition
|
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Term
| GABAb receptors are linked to this g-protein |
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Definition
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Term
| In response to G protein activation by the adenosine A1 receptor, which ion channels open? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The target of Ketamine (Ketalar) is: |
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Definition
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Term
| a therapreutic application of botulinum toxin (botox) is: |
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Definition
| treatment of spastic disorders like cerebral palsy, treatment of wrinkles |
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Term
| Bantrolene (Dantrium) is used to treat what condition? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Tizanadine (zanaflex) exerts its spasmolytic actions through which receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| this receptor mediates the soporific effects of diphenhydramine (benadryl) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| target of fluoxetine (prozac): |
|
Definition
| serotonin transporter (SERT) |
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Term
| you should not use fluvoxamine (luvox) with ramelteon (rozarem) because: |
|
Definition
| flucox inhibits the first pass metabolism of ramelteon by cyp1a2 |
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|
Term
| an advantage of Z drugs over benzos as sleep aids is that: |
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Definition
| they are shorter acting so there is less ahngover the next day |
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Term
| the class of drug that poses the greatest danger as a sleep aid is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| midazolam (versed) belongs to this class: |
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Definition
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Term
| the anxiolytic with the lowest abuse potential: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| neurotransmitter pathway that is dysfuncitonal in parkinson's disease: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| primary nucleus in the brain that noradrenergic neurons emainate from |
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Definition
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|
Term
| precursor of serotonin is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| part of the brain that makes melatonin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| primary route of inactivation of synaptically released glutamate: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| neurotransmitter sstem most compromised in alzheimer's disease |
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Definition
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|
Term
| disnhibition of socially unacceptable bejaviors is a concern with these drugs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| gas that cannot be used to obtain a surgical plane of anesthesia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| site at which medetomidine (domitor) and xylazine (rompun) exert their anesthetic actions |
|
Definition
| alpha 2 adrenergic receptors |
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|
Term
| primary mechanism of drugs that treat alzheimer's |
|
Definition
| acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
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Term
| role played by interneurons in the brain |
|
Definition
| inhibitory actions on receptive neurons |
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|
Term
| inhibitory neurotransmitter with greatest impact on brain function |
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Definition
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|
Term
| example of a peptide neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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|
Term
| drugs that antagonize the actions of benzos |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a combination of drugs that causes neuroleptanalgesia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 concerns with the use of holothane as an anesthetic agent |
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Definition
| sensitizes the heart to catecholamines and can be hepatoxic |
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|
Term
| prevention of asthma attacks can be accomplished with this class of drugs: |
|
Definition
| corticosteroid combined with long-acting beta 2 agonist |
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|
Term
| two steps of presynaptic neurotransmission at which drugs can have therapeutic effects |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a drug that mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter would be considered an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 major classifications of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain: |
|
Definition
| ionotropic (fast) like nicotinic and metabotropic (slow) like muscarinic |
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|
Term
| D1 and D5 are G__ coupled |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| D2,3 and 4 are coupled to G__ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 neurotransmitters released from the same neuron are: |
|
Definition
| epinephrine and enkephalin |
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|
Term
| which has a more powerful impact on consciousness, an anxiolytic, a sedative, or a hypnotic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the neurotransmitter precurosr of melatonin is: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| neurotransmitter precursor of norepinephrine: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| type of therapy used to treat ethylene glycol intoxication: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| major concern associated with use of large amounts of local anesthetics |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valproic acid (depakene) is least likely to be effective treating: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normally non-painful stimuli causes pain |
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|
Term
| MOA of varenicline (chantix) |
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Definition
| has antagonist actions at nicotinic receptors in the brain |
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Term
| another name for grand mal seizure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| major site of action of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, dilantin) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| site of action wehre Gabapentin (neurontin) acts as an anti-seizure drug as well as an analgesic for tx of chronic pain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| site of action of most local anesthetics is: |
|
Definition
| intracellular domain of the neuronal sodium channel |
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|
Term
| therapeutic indications for phenobarbital: |
|
Definition
| status epilepticus, prevention of tonic-clonic seizures, mild sedation, prevention of partial seizures |
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|
Term
| T/F phenobarbital can reverse benzodiazepine overdose |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Most effective drug for status epilepticus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| receptor subclass associated with analgesia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| receptor subclass associated iwth euphoria |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| precursor protein for beta-endorphin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
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|
Term
| Naltrexone (revia) is an: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of ziconitide (prialt) |
|
Definition
| blocks N type calcium channels |
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|
Term
| major second order neuronal pathway that transmits pain input to the brain: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethosuzamide (zarontin) is first line thrapy for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cocaine has local anesthetic action and also this property which enhances the local anesthetic action: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an effect of opiod drug use for which tolerance does not occur |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| target of disulfiram (antabuse) |
|
Definition
| acetaldhyde dehydrogenase |
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|
Term
| detoxification of ethanol in the body follows this type of metabolism |
|
Definition
| zero order kinetics because it saturates the metabolic enzymes |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits monoamine uptake into storage vesicles |
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|
Term
| antidepressant therapy takes several weeks ot be effective because: |
|
Definition
| the buildup of the neurotransmitter in the synapse leads to down-regulation of the receptors |
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|
Term
| in addition to enkephalins, what other neurotransmitters can act at the level of the spinal cord to diminish pain? |
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Definition
| norepinephrine and serotonin |
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|
Term
| an example of an endogenous opiod peptide |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| rationale for including carbidopa with L-dopa |
|
Definition
| carbidopa prevents metabolism of L-dopa to dopamine outside of the brain |
|
|
Term
| rationale for using selegilene (deprenyl, Eldepryl), and MAOI, for parkinson's disease |
|
Definition
| inhibits the metabolic degradation of dopamine |
|
|
Term
| in what part of the brain is the deficiency of dopaminergic neurotransmission in parkinson's disease most pronounced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bromocriptine (parlodel) treats: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hallmark for tourette's syndrome: |
|
Definition
| tics and involuntary utterances |
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|
Term
| Naltrexone (Revia) treats: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people taking MPTP developed what syndrome? |
|
Definition
| something like parkinson's disease |
|
|
Term
| why was rimonabant (Accomplia) taken off of the market? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the equation showing how much of a drug exists in the ionized state at a certain pH is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dispose of fentanyl patches by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of drug therapy offering unexpected benefit of improved driving performance: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| properties of tramadol (ultram) that contribute to its analgesic properties: |
|
Definition
| weak mu opioid receptor agonism and inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake |
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|
Term
| effective for treating mania of bipolar disease: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F all receptors in the spinal cord that inhibit pain transmission work through Gi protein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loperamide is available without a prescription even though it is an opioid because: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of anabolic steroids: |
|
Definition
| testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, alopecia, prostate enlargement |
|
|
Term
| effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on the brain: |
|
Definition
| causes long-term depletion of serotonin |
|
|
Term
| characteristic that determines the longevity of a local anesthetic in teh body: |
|
Definition
| whether there is an ester or amide linkage between the lipophilic group and the amine group |
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|
Term
| amphetamines cause the effects that make them liable for abuse by: |
|
Definition
| promoting the release of non-vesicular dopamine |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine is combined with lidocaine as a local anesthetic because: |
|
Definition
| the epinephrine slows the systemic distribution of hte lidocaine |
|
|
Term
| increased release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens with repeated administration of cocaine would be an example of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the site of action of dextromethorphan that likely explains its abuse potential: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 2 major pain transmitting neurotransmitters in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are: |
|
Definition
| glutamate and substance P |
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|
Term
| the opiod receptor that causes dysphoria is: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the plant from which morphine is derived: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a drug used to minimuze the severity of the abstinence syndrome after opioid abuse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| activator of TrkA on the afferent terminals of pain neurons: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| venlafaxine (Effexor) acts: |
|
Definition
| on both serotonin and norepinephrine transporters |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated pain response |
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|
Term
| drug class of chlorpromazine (thorazine) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 observations that challenge the dopamine theory fo schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| most effective drugs also have serotonergic receptor blocking; NMDA antagonists are better at causing psychosis than L-Dopa |
|
|
Term
| most troubling side-effect of older antipsychotic drugs is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a troubling side-effect of newer antipsychotics is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 types of lesions found in alzheimer's disease |
|
Definition
| AB plaques and neruofibulary tangles |
|
|
Term
| 2 observations supporting the dopamine theory of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| efficacy of D2 antagonists; increased density of dopamine receptors in schizophrenics |
|
|
Term
| the most abused benzodiazepine is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class of drugs most abused in the prescription market is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mainstay therapy for parkinson's is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| receptor subtype stargeted for tx in parkinson's disease is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neurotransmitter inthe striatum tha tcounteracts the actions of dopamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rationale for using MAOb inhibitor like selegiline for parkinson's |
|
Definition
| dopamine hangs out longer |
|
|
Term
| anti-seizure drugs target this receptor subtype: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ion channel most commonly targeted by anti-seizure drugs and what do those drugs do to that ion channel: |
|
Definition
| sodium channels are blocked |
|
|
Term
| the type of alcohol most abused is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the organ that metabolizes alcohol is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| receptor subtype viewed as the major target of alcohol is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug used to treat alcoholics that blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase activity: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major adverse event associated with antidepressant therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first line drug tx for manic phase of bipolar disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another name for bipolar disease (old name) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oldest class of effective anti-depressants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 different drugs from different classes that can effectively treat manic episodes of bipolar disease that are not lithium. |
|
Definition
atypical antipsychotics- zyprexa
anti-seizure - valproic acid |
|
|
Term
| a disease frequently co-morbid with depression |
|
Definition
|
|
