Term
| what are the 4 stages of anesthesia? |
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Definition
stage 1 low dose: Analgesia
stage 2 medium dose: Excitement
stage 3 high dose: surgical anesthesia
stage 4 v. high dose: cardio-pulm collapse |
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Term
| these drugs may suppress presynaptic release of glutamate |
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Definition
| Isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane |
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Term
| this drug blocks NMDA receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of boiling points, rank anesthetics from highest to lowest |
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Definition
| Halothane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Desflurane |
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Term
| In terms of vapor pressure, rank drugs fdrom highest to lowest |
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Definition
| Desflurane, Halothane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane |
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Term
| what are the effect of ethers on anesthetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about Desflurane |
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Definition
| due to its lower boiling point and high vapor pressure, it requires a heated vaporizer for administration |
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Term
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Definition
| equilibrium conc required to prevent purposeful movement to a given stimulus |
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Term
| In terms of MAC, how are drugs ranked from highest to lowest? |
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Definition
| N2O, Desflurane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Halothane |
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Term
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Definition
hyperthermia
incr. CNS catecholamines
*chronic* OH abuse
cocaine use
hypernatremia |
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Term
| What is MAC unaltered by? |
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Definition
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
**ALL except N2O**
hypnosis, amnesia, analgesia
muscle relaxation
incr. cerebral blood flow, pressure and EEG amplitude
decr. O2 consumption and EEG frequency |
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Term
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Definition
**all except N2O**
decrease contraction, tone and ANS activity.
**all but N2O and halothane**
decrease systemic vascular resistance.
HR: incr. by Isoflurane and desflurane(the most); stable w/halothane and sevoflurane
CO: decr. w/halothane and sevoflurane at high doses >1.5-2 MAC |
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Term
| Anesthetic effect on Resp system |
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Definition
airway resistance
decreased: halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane
Incr: desflurane
Resp rate and Tidal vol decreased by all |
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Term
| This drug induces vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of metabolism, rank drugs highest to lowest |
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Definition
| Halothane, Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, Desflurane |
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Term
| relationship of Free fluoride and renal toxicity |
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Definition
| incr. F metabolism- incr. renal toxicity (methoxyflurane metabolized by renal) |
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Term
| This vinyl halide if formed by halothane |
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Definition
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Term
| This vinyl halide is formed by sevoflurane |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs are known to form carbon monoxide in the absorbent |
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Definition
| Desflurane and Isoflurane |
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Term
| this can form an extremely toxic Hydrofluoric acid |
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Definition
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