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Definition
| carries stimulus towards brain |
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Definition
| carries stimulus away from brain |
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Term
| efferent is made up of waht 2 things |
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Definition
| Autonomic (no control) and Somatic (conscious control) |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic (primarily adrenergic, ergotrophic-exerting energy, efferent nerves primarily from thoracic region) , parasympathetic (cholinergic, relaxed, trophotropic-energy conservation, efferent nerves primarily from cranial sacral region), enteric (GI system, cholinergic, adreniergic and other neurotransmitters) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| cholinergic neurotransmission |
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Definition
| Acetyl CoA plus choline becomes acetylcholine by ChAT. Acetylcholine then gets stored in a storage vesicle by VAT. With calcium influx, an action potential causes the release of acetylcholine so that it can bind onto the different cholinergic receptors. Then acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to choline and acetate or acetic acid |
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Term
| adrenergic neurotransmission |
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Definition
Tyrosine ultimately gets converted to dopamine through two different enzymes-- tyrosine hydroxylase and then dopa decarboxylase. Dopamine gets converted to norepi by dopamine beta-hydroxylase and then to epinephrine by phenylethanolamine and methyltransferase.
Dopamine, norepi, and epi are your three most common adrenergic neurotransmitters. Of these three, norepinephrine is the primary one. These neurotransmitters get brought up to a storage vesicle by a transfer known as VMAT. Once in the storage vesicle, calcium influx then causes the release of these neurotransmitters, which then can bond onto different adrenergic receptors. Ultimately, dopamine, norepi, and epi-- their action is reduced or stopped two ways. One of them is by a transport known as NET, which actually brings these neurotransmitters back to the cytoplasm, which is highlighted in step three of this transmission process. So that's one way in which dopamine, norepi, and epi actions just reduce or stop.
Another way, if you see what's bold at the bottom of your screen, is that these three known transmitters can be inactivated by two enzymes. One of them is known as COMT, which is the abbreviation for catechol-o-methyltransferase, and then another one is by MAO, your monoamine oxidase |
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Definition
| in fermented food and can increase available norepinephrine |
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Definition
Dopamine: D1-D5 primarily in the brain, primarily used for neural diseases such as Parkinson’s, psychiatric like schizophrenia, major depressive disorder
Alpha- alpha 1 and 2
Beta- beta 1, 2, 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic causes bronchial smooth muscle to relax |
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Term
| Activate muscarinic receptor in parasympathetic nervous system and |
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Definition
| causes bronchial or smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Diarrhoea, Urination, Miosis/muscle weaknes, Bronchorrhea, Bradycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation/sweating |
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Term
| relationship between sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Definition
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| exception to inverse relationship of sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Definition
Activate alpha receptor and muscarinic in uterus of pregnant female and causes synergistic contraction of uterus to facilitate labor and delivery of fetus
Seminal vesicles of penis- agonism of alpha receptor causes ejactualtion and muscarinic receptor results in penile erection to occur- work synergisticxally together |
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Term
| heart innervation receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| blood vessel innervation receptors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relationship between diastolic and systolic, or relationship of cardiac output, how efficient heart is pumping, blood vessels outside heart, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, how much fluid in heart,HR |
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Definition
| your inotrope- how hard your heart contracts and how much fluid is pushing out |
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Definition
| how fast your heart is beating |
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Definition
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| systemic vascular resistance is |
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Definition
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| what happens when you agonize beta 1 and 2 what happens to cardiac output |
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Definition
| you increase cardiac output |
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Term
| what happens when you agonize M2 what happens to cardiac output |
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Definition
| you cause a decrease in cardiac output |
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Term
| when you agonize alpha 1 what happens to systemic circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| when you agonize beta 2 and central alpha 2, what happens to systemic circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 types of cholinergic receptors |
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Definition
| (parasympathetic) nicotinic (1-5) and muscarinic (M subtype for skeletal muscle and N subtype for autonomic ganglion cells or nerves) |
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Term
| primary cholinergic neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| acetylcholine which gets broken down into choline, acetic acid/acetate by acetylcholinesterase |
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Term
| inhibiting/blocking the parasympathetic nervous system leads to |
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Definition
| unopposed sympathetic nervous system activity, stress |
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Term
| first drug ever isolated for muscarinic blockage |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| drug similar to atropine that differs by only an oxygen |
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Definition
| scopolamine (scope of mine) (has an oxygen) |
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Term
| non-selective for any of the muscarinic receptors |
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Definition
| atopine, that's why this drug was enhanced |
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Term
| which drugs are derived form nightshade and jimson-weed |
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Definition
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Term
| is tiotropium (tri trophy) charged? why significant? |
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Definition
| yes, used to treat asthma and COPD |
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Term
| what is the approximate dissociation constant |
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Definition
| the smaller the number, the less likely it will break away from the receptor which means it's more selective for that receptor |
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Term
| atropine dissociation constant |
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Definition
| 1 for M1, M2, M3, binds tightly to these equally, blocks them |
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Term
| pirenzepine (prior z pine) dissocaition constant |
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Definition
| 25 on M1, 300 M2, 500 M3, binds very tightly to M1, little effect on other receptors |
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Term
| DUMBELLS is a mneumonic to describe.. |
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Definition
| what happens when you activate the muscarinic receptor (if you block the receptors, flip it around) |
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Term
| rhyme to remember the affects when you block the muscarinic receptor |
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Definition
| mad as a hatter (agitation, hallucinations, dec motion sickness), blind as a bat (dilated pupuls/ mydriasis, dec ciliary muscle contraction/cycloplegia) , red as a beet (dec sweating, hyperthermia), hot as a hare (inc body temp), dry as a bone (dry mouth, dec tracheobronchial mucosa stimulation, inc bonchial smooth muscle relaxation) , stuffed as a pipe (dec gastrointestinal motility, dec urinary voiding/M3 receptor) |
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Term
| anti-muscarinic drugs effect on eyes |
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Definition
| mydriasis- dialated pupils |
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Term
| agonising muscarinic receptor affect on eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 classes of medications that cause anti-nicotinic effects and 2 impt drugs |
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Definition
| non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents- NMBAs (selective for nicotinic M subtype receptors-skeletal muscle), ganglion-blocking drugs, cisatracurium (sister cured him), rocuronium (racoonium) |
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Term
| cisatracurium and rocuronium MOA |
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Definition
| inhibit nicotinic receptor and cause flaccid parlaysis, both have NH4 moity and are charged medications |
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Term
| used in the emergency setting to facilitate intubation to occur |
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Definition
| cisatracurium and rocuronium |
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Term
| how do ganglion-blocking drugs work? |
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Definition
| agonizing both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves (why they are not commonly used), unpredictable responses, non-selective for the nicotinic receptor, inhibits both N and M |
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Term
| ganglion-blocking drugs effects on the eyes, GI, GU, Cardiovascular |
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Definition
| cyclopegia, mydriasis, miosis. motility tends to go down but unpredictable. decreased urination, decreased erection, dec ejaculation. cardiovascular completely unpredictable |
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Term
| drug that can cause a sedation tumor |
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Definition
| mecamylamine (my camomile) (ganglion-blocking drug) bc it's the only one that's not charged |
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Term
| Of the drugs that are shown below, which one of the following three drugs will not likely be well absorbed in the GI system and CNS? Will it be tiotropium, benztropine, or what's bottom shown as either atropine or scopolamine, depending on whether oxygen is present or absent? |
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Definition
| tiotropium because it is charged, whereas all the other structures are not charged |
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Term
| common uses of antimuscarinic drugs |
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Definition
| symptomatic bradycardia, motion sickness, asthma and COPD, management of cholinergic poisoning, overactive bladder, ophthalmologic fundoscopic exam |
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Term
| directly stimulates sympathetic nervous system to directly inc HR |
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Definition
| sympathomimetics (sympathetic metrics) |
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Term
| tiotropium, ipratropium, and aclidinium MOA |
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Definition
| decreases your mucosal stimulation of your bronchotracheal tract so you get decreased mucus, dec saliva, causes bronchiole smooth muscle to relax |
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Term
| symptomatic bradycardia treatment |
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Definition
| atropine bc you can inject it to inc HR (blocks parasympathetic)- not charged-- can cause non-desirable CNS effects so don't use excessively |
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Term
| motion sickness treatment |
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Definition
| scopolamine- oral and transdermal patch, prolonged duration of action, decreases disturbance in vestibule and mid part of brain |
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Term
| asthma and COPD treatment |
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Definition
| tiotropium, tight rope em, ipratropium, i pad rope em, aclidinium, accolade rope em--aerosols and charged, stays in the lung, limited systemic side effects |
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Term
| management of cholinergic poisoning treatment |
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Definition
| atropine plus or minus pralidoxime- prairie dog me--charged), atropin only if poisoning is from carbamate (NH3, physostigimine) but if poisoning from organophosphates need both bc atropine is not enough alone to break the phosphate bond and need it bc pralidoxime is cahrged so won't affect neck up |
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Term
| overactive bladder drugs MOA and how they work |
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Definition
| Oxybutynin (oxford beauty inn), Darifenacin (Darn fancy inn), Solifenacin (Solely fencing inn), Tolterodine (total dining inn) decrease your urine voiding, and cause smooth muscle relaxation to occur, they're more M3 selective, which is the predominant receptor available in the bladder |
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Term
| funduscopic examination drugs |
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Definition
| drug of choice within the antimuscarinic is tropicamide (induces mydraisis), not charged so it can affect the eyes, duration of action 15-60 min. also phenylephrine is used, which is your alpha-1 agonist |
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Term
| historic treatment for parkinson's |
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Definition
| not charged muacarinic drugs-work by decreasing acetylcholine activity (muscle twitching) |
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Term
| treatments we use for parkinson's today |
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Definition
| levodopa-carbidopa, non-ergot dopamine agonists |
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Term
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Definition
| charged antimuscarinic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| histamine 2 receptor antagonists, H2RAs, and proton pump inhibitors, PPIs |
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Term
| GI absorpiton and CNS absorption depends on |
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Definition
| whether a drug is charged or not |
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Term
| 3 ganglion-blocking drugs |
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Definition
| hexaethonium, mecamylamine, tetraethylammonium |
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Term
| Antimuscarinic used for parkinsons |
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Definition
| Benztropine (Benz trip em) |
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Term
| Antimuscarinic used for asthma |
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Definition
| Tiotropium (Trio Trip em) |
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Term
| Antimuscarinic drugs for COPD |
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Definition
| Triotropium (tio trip em), Ipratropium (I'd trip em), Aclindnium (Actually trip em) (dec tracheobronchial mucosa simulation, inc bronchial smooth muscle relaxation) |
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Term
| peptic disease and hypermotility muscarinic receptor blocking drug |
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Definition
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Term
| peptic disease muscarinic receptor blocking drug |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cholinergicneurotransmission Process |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergic Neurotransmission Process |
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Term
| Adrenergic receptors chart |
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Definition
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