Term
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Definition
large amount of IV fluid given in a short period of time, usually less than an hour.
Given to rapidly replace fluid loss that could be caused by dehydration, shock, hemorrhage, burns or trauma
A large-gauge angiocatheter (18gauge or higher) is needed to maintain the rapid rate in an adult |
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Term
| Volume controlled infusions |
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Definition
Some meds such as antibiotics are given intermittently in a small about of solution through a continuous IV system or with saline or heparin lock systems.
The medications infuse for short periods on scheduled basis.
Infusions can be administered by secondary IV bag/bottle/tandem, volume-control set, or by a mini infusion pump |
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Term
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Definition
Small amounts of solution (concentrated or diluted) injected within 1-2 minutes.
Some are given directly into the peripheral IV/port
Watch for redness, burning, or increasing pain
Never give meds that cause adverse effects such as potassium chloride |
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Term
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Definition
mixed in a large volume of fluid (500-1000ml) and given continuously.
i.e. Potassium chloride |
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Term
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Definition
for older adult clients, clients taking anticoagulants or clients with fragile veins:
Avoid tourniquets
Use BP cuff
Do not slap extremity to visualize vein
Edema in extremities:
Apply digital pressure over selected vein to displace edema
Apply pressure with alcohol pad
Cannulation must be quick
Anatomical landmarks may be needed for obese clients |
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Term
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Definition
-standard precautions
-Change catheter: if any break in surgical asepsis is suspected, according to policy (72hrs)
-Avoid writing on bags with pen/marker; ink could contaminate; change tube if contamination
-use sterile needle/catheter each attempt
-fluid shouldnt hang over 24 hrs unless closed system
-wipe all ports with alcohol or antiseptic swap before connecting IV lines or syringe; dont leave exposed to air
-Never disconnect for convenience or to position client |
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Term
| Selecting vein for IV catheter |
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Definition
-First choose distal veins on nondominant hand
-nonpainful site without bruising and will not interfere with activity
-a resilient vein with a soft, bouncy feeling when palpated
-Avoid veins: varicosed, inner wrist with bifurcations, flexion areas, near valves, lower extremities, in antecubital fossa, sclerosed or hard, in an extremity with impaired sensitivity
-enhance access: gravity, fist clenching, friction with alcohol, heat, percussion with gentle tapping |
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Term
| IV catheter procedure (clean gloves) |
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Definition
-Apply tourniquet/BP cuff
-Select vein and untie it
-Cleanse the site using friction in a circular motion starting at the middle with alcohol, iodine or chlohexidine, allow 1-2 dry
-Remove catheter cover and grasp hub, checking for smooth edges and retie T/BP
-Anchor vein below site of insertion, pull the skin taut and hold
-Insert bevel up at 10-30d until flashback of blood
-Lower hub close to skin to prepare threading into vein 1/4in
-Loosen needle and advance catheter using thumb/index, release t/bp
-Apply pressure 3cm above and remove needle; activate safety
-apply dressing, set up rate by order |
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Term
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Definition
clean gloves; prescription
-Remove tape/dressing; stabilize and clamp tubing
-Apply sterile gauze pad over site with no pressure or alcohol
-With other hand withdraw by pulling straight back
-Elevate extremity and apply pressure for 2min
-Assess, apply tape over gauze or pressure pad if needed and document |
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Term
| IV Complications of Infiltration |
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Definition
Infiltration:
-Pallor, local swelling, decreased skin temp at site, damp dressing, slow infusion
Treatment:
-Stop infusion, remove catheter
-Elevate extremity
-Apply warm compress 3-4 times/day
-Restart infusion proximal to site or in another extremity
Secure cather |
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Term
| IV Complications of Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis |
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Definition
Edema; throbbing, burning or pain at site; increased skin temp; erythema (reddening); red line up arm with palpable band; slow infusion
Treatment:
-Promptly discontinue infusion and remove catheter
-Elevate extremity
-Apply warm compress 3-4 times/day
-Restart infusion proximal/other extremity
-Culture the site if drainage
-Rotate the site at least every 72 hours; Avoid lower extremities; use surgical asepsis |
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Term
| IV Complications of Hematoma |
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Definition
Ecchymosis at site (discoloration from bleeding underneath)
Treatment:
-Do not apply alcohol
-Apply pressure after IV catheter removal
-Use warm compress and elevation AFTER bleeding stops
Prevention:
-Minimize tourniquet time
-Remove T before starting IV infusion
-Maintain pressure after removal |
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Term
| IV Complications of Cellulitis |
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Definition
Pain; warmth; edema; induration; red streaking; fever, chills and malaise
Treatment:
-Promptly discontinue infusion/remove catheter
-Elevate extremity
-Apply warm compress 3-4 times/day
-Obtain a specimen for culture at the site and at catheter if drainage
-Administer as prescribed: Antibiotics, Analgesics, Antipyretics
Prevention:
-Rotate site at least every 72 hrs
-Avoid lower extremities
-Use surgical aseptic technique |
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Term
| IV Complications of Fluid Overload |
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Definition
Distended neck veins, increased BP, tachycardia, SOB, crackles in lungs, edema
Treatment:
-Stop infusion
-Raise head of the bed
-Assess vital signs
-As prescribed: adjust rate, administer diuretics
Prevention:
-Use infusion pump
-Monitor I&O |
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Term
| IV Complications of Catheter Embolus |
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Definition
Missing catheter tip when discontinued; sever pain at site with migration or no symptoms if no migration
Treatment:
-Place T high on extremity to limit venous flow
-Prepare for removal under xray or surgery
-Save catheter to determine cause
Do not reinsert the stylet into the catheter |
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