Term
| The adrenergic nerve ending sythesizes and releases ______________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Released NE stimulates adrenergic receptors located on cardiac and smooth muscle membranes to initiate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) is? |
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Definition
| a chemical that will break down NE in the nerve end or the synapse. |
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Term
| NE is mostly ________ in to the nerve end. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are enzymes that break down things |
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Term
| What are the two main types of adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| The alpha receptors are found on _____ muscle membranes, and are stimulated by ______ and ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| stimulation of the alpha-receptors cause __________ of most arteries and veins, mydriasis, and ______ of the smooth muscles sphincters in the urinary and intestinal tracts inhibiting _______ and _______ motility. |
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Definition
vasoconstriction
contraction
urination
intestinal |
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Term
| vasoconstriction causes an increase in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta receptors are found on _______ and some ______ muscle membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of Beta receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-1 is a receptor found in the ____; stimulated by ______ or _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-1 receptors increase ____, force of ______, and atrioventricular conduction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-2 receptors are found on _________ and stimulated by ____. |
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Definition
smooth muscle (bronchioles)
EPI
(NE does not stimulate Beta-2 receptors) |
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Term
| stimulation of the Beta-2 receptor causes ____________ of smooth muscle, causes vasodilation and increased ______ flow to coronary and skeletal muscle blood vessels. |
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Definition
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Term
| adrenergic drugs(agonist) are known as ___________ agents. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mimics the sympathetic NS causing a sympathetic (adrenergic) response. |
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Term
| What are the effects of adrenergic drugs |
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Definition
increase BP
Increase HR
bronchodilation |
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Term
| Adrenergic blocking agents are known as ________ or _____. |
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Definition
sympatholytic
parasympathomimetic |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down sympathetic reponse (blocks it) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stops adrenergic reponse (homeostasis) |
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Term
| Alpha-adrenergic drugs are used clinically to cause __________ of blood vessels. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when blood flow is constricted or slowed |
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Term
| In hypotensive states, drugs such as norpinephrine and metaraminol (Alpha-adrenergic drugs), are given by IV to ____________? |
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Definition
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Term
| In allergies and colds, drugs such as phenylephrine and tetrahydrozoline (Alpha-adrenergic drugs) are administered as nasal sprays or drops, and oral tablets to __________ nasal and ocular tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
| Side effects to decongestant Alpha-adrenergic drugs are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adverse Effects caused by adrenergic drugs are? |
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Definition
| Hypertension,hypertensive crisis,heart palpitations, cerebral hemorrhage, and cardiac arrhythmias |
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Term
| Examples of Alpha-Adrenergic Drugs are? |
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Definition
| ephedrine(derivative of methamphetamine),metaraminol(used for Hypotension),norepinephrine(stress hormone), phenylephrine (sudafed PE)-decongestant,pseudoephedrine(Sudafed)decongestant. |
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Term
| _________ drugs are used clinically to stimulate the heart, bronchodilate respiratory passageways, and relax the uterus during preterm labor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Selective beta-___ drugs are usually administered by oral inhalation for the control of asthma. |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS stimulation resulting in tremores, restlessness, and anxiety; over stimulation of the heart are adverse effects caused by____________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine is an example of a Beta-Adrenergic drug that stimulates _______ and ________ receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| epinephrine can be injected SQ in allergic and cardiac emergencies to stimulate what 3 things? |
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Definition
| the hear (beta-1), promote bronchodilation (beta-2), and maintain blood pressure |
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Term
| Epinephrine is also used in surgical procedures and with local anesthetics to ________ blood flow and bleeding and prolong the action of the anesthetic. |
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Definition
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Term
| isoproterenol is classified as a ___ and ____ drug and acts as a ________ stimulant and _________. |
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Definition
| Beta-1, Beta-2, Cardiac, bronchodilator |
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Term
| Dopamine is used to treat ______. It acts as a _________,but is also a medication. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dopamine will cause vasodilation and increase _______ blood flow.By stimulating ________ receptors, dopamine ________ cardiac output and myocardial contractility. |
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Definition
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Term
| If dopamine is administered at a high dose it can stimulate ____ receptors causing stimulation of the heart and _______ blood vessels. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dobutamine is a drug similar to dopamine. It possesses a greater _____ effect, increasing myocardial contractility.It is used in ________ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking drugs are antagonists. They ______ the _______ ________ response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha-Adrenergic blocking drugs prevents _____ from producing a sympathetic response. |
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Definition
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Term
| The effects of Alpha-Adrenergic blocking drugs are decrease in _____ and ___________. They are indicated for patients with ___ and ___. |
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Definition
| BP, vasodilaiton, HTN, BPH |
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Term
| Side Effects to the Alpha-Adrenergic blockin drugs are (3)? |
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Definition
| Constriction of pupils, nasal congestion, and increased GI activity. |
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Term
| The adverse effects of Alpha-Adrenergic blocking drugs include (2)? |
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Definition
| tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension |
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Term
| Beta-blocking drugs bind to ____-_____ receptors and antagonize the beta effects of ___ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients with hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias often have ______ sypathetic activity, with excessive amounts of ____ and ___ being released. By occupying beta receptors, the beta-blockers ______ EPI and NE from producing beta sympathetic effects. |
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Definition
| increased, EPI, EP, prevent |
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Term
| Use of Beta-Blockers is to ______ the activity of the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blockade of the beta-1 receptors produces a ______ in heart rate, force of contraction, and impulse conduction through the conduction system of the heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of Beta blockers? |
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Definition
| Selective beta-1 blockers (only at high doses may selective beta blockers start blocking beta-2)and Non-selective blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 |
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Term
| The effects of Beta Adrenergic Blocking Drugs are vasodilation and _____ in BP. They are used to decrease activity of the _____. (HTN;Angina Pectoris;arrhythmias;MI;CHF;glaucoma) |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs should not be used in patients with _______ or other _______ conditions.By blocking beta-2 receptor sites may cause bronchoconstriction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most Beta Blockers have the word ending? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adrenergic Neuronal Blocking Drugs ________ the synthesis and release of _________ inside the nerve endings. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adrenergic Neuronal Blocking Drugs are used to _________ in _________. |
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Definition
Lower Blood Pressure,
hypertension HTN |
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Term
| Common Adverse effects of Adrenergic Neuronal Blocking Drugs are usually due to excessive lowering of ____ and increased ____ activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Methyldopa is a Adrenergic Neuronal Blocking Drugs that _______ BP.It may also cause liver dysfunction and hemolytic anemia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reserpine is a Adrenergic Neuronal Blocking Drugs that _________ sympathetic activity, produces vasodilation and lowers BP for hypertensive patients. It can cause sedation and mental depression. This drug is often used in combination with __________. Because, of its sedation effects it can also be used in treating _______. |
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Definition
| Reduces, diuretics, psychosis |
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Term
| Guanethidine (Ismelin) prevents release of ___ and depletes ___ storage resulting in reduction of sympathetic activity. Indication is for severe HTN. |
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Definition
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