Term
| What are the 3 different symptoms associated with schizophrenia? |
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Definition
1) Positive symptoms: hearing voices
2) Negative symptoms: apathetic, withdrawn
3) Cognitive impairment: disorganized thought |
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Term
| What are positive symptoms caused by? |
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Definition
| - Overactive DA pathways in the limbic system |
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Term
| What are negative symptoms caused by? |
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Definition
| - Underactive fronal cortex DA |
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Term
What causes schizophrania? 2
When is the onset? |
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Definition
- Genetic
- Biochemical impairment
- Late teens |
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Term
What is the DA hypothesis of schizophrenia?
How do stimulants effect DA levels?
How do the most effective drugs to treat schizophrenia work? |
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Definition
- DA receptors altered in schizophrenia
- Increase DA -> psychosis
- Block DA receptors |
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Term
| What other receptors are involved in schizophrenia? |
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Definition
- GABA (under active)
- Muscarinic |
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Term
| What symptoms does a blockage of the DA receptors cause? |
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Definition
| - Parkinsons like symptoms |
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Term
| What receptors are responsible for + symptoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other receptors are the targets of schizophrenia treatment? 4 |
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Definition
- 5HT2A
- Muscarinic
- Histamine
- a receptors |
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Term
What receptors do the "atypical" drugs effect?
What receptors do the classical drugs effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the atypical antipsychotic drugs? 3 |
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Definition
- Clo-za-pine
- Ris-per-i-done
- O-lan-za-pin |
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Term
| What are the classical antipsychotic drugs? 4 |
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Definition
- Chlor-prom-azine
- Flu-phen-azine
- Thi-or-i-da-zine
- Hal-o-per-idol |
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Term
What is the goal of antipsychotic drugs?
What other effects does it have?
How do classic antipsychotic drugs work? |
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Definition
- Improve + symptoms
- Autistic patients may improve
- Block DA & M receptors |
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Term
| What are the side effects of antipsychotic drugs? 5 |
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Definition
- Extrapyramidal symtpoms (PD like)
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Tardive dykinesia (abnormal movements)
- Autonomic receptor block
- Weight gain (endocrine)
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Term
What is nurolepic malignant syndrome?
Symptoms?
Caused by?
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Definition
- Life threatening side effect of antipsychotics
- Muscle rigidity
- Block of D2 in stritum & hypothalamus
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Term
| What drugs are used to treat nurolepic malignant syndrome? 2 |
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Definition
- Dan-ter-o-lene (Dantrium)
- Bromo-crip-tine (DA agonists) |
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Term
Chlor-prom-azine (Thorazine)
Used to treat? 3
Side effects? 2
Used in conjunction w?
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Definition
- Psychosis
- Drugs of abuse
- Alcoholism
- Jaundice
- Seizures
- Pro-chlor-per-azine (Compazine) for nausea |
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Term
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Mechanism of action?
Side effects?
Used as? |
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Definition
- D2 block
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Antipsychotic/mood stabilizer |
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Term
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Used to treat which symptom?
Mechanism of action?
Side effects?
Used as? |
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Definition
- Negative
- D4 & 5HT2A block
- Agranulocytosis
- Antipsychotic/mood stabilizer |
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Term
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Symptoms used to treat?
Side effects?
Primarily used as? |
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Definition
- + & -
- Hyperglycemia & type II diabetes
- Bipolar
- Antipsychotic |
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Term
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Mechanism of action?
Increase DA where?
Side effects?
Used as? |
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Definition
- D2 & 5HT2A block
- Basil ganglia
- Arrhythmias (lenghtens QT interval)
- Antipsychotic/mood stabilizer |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for psychosis? |
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Definition
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Term
Que-tiap-eine (Seroquel)
Drug of choice for?
Used as? |
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Definition
- Those who suffer from hyper prolactemia (prolactin)
- Antipsychotic/mood stabilizer |
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Term
Air-pi-pra-zole (Abilify)
How dose it work?
Mechanism of action?
What receptors does it block?
Side effects?
Also used to treat?
Mainly used for? |
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Definition
- Sabilizes DA
- Partial agonist for D2 & 5HT1A
- Antagonist 5HT2A
- a & histamine
- Decrease esophageal motility
- Depression
- Antipsychotic |
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Term
Lithium
Used to treat?
Where is it excreted?
Why not commonly used?
Drug interations? 3
Side effects? 3
Can this be used during pregnancy?
Used as? |
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Definition
- Bipolar disorder
- Kidney
- Low theraputic index
- NSAIDS
- Thiazides
- Sodium
- Anorexia
- Reduced thyroid funcino
- Diabetes insipidus
- Yes
- Antipsychotic/mood stabilizer |
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Term
What anticonvulsants are also used as an antipsychotic? 4
When would these not be used? |
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Definition
- Valproic acid (depakene)
- Carbamazepine (tegretol)
- Lamotrigine (lamicatal)
- Topiramate (topamax)
- If pregnant |
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