Term
What are the benzoidazepine anxiolytics? 4
(-am) |
|
Definition
- Diazepam (valium)
- Lorazapam (ativan)
- Al-pra-zo-lam (xanax)
- Chlor-dia-zep-oxide (librium) |
|
|
Term
What are the benzodiazepines for sleep? 3
(-am) |
|
Definition
- Flurazepam (dalmane)
- Temazepam (restoril)
- Triazolam (halcion) |
|
|
Term
What are the benzodiazepines used for anesthesia?
(-am) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the best treatment for insomnia?
How are drugs used to treat insomnia? |
|
Definition
- Lifestyle change
- Only for short term treatment |
|
|
Term
| How does the idea drug for insomnia work? |
|
Definition
| - Works quickly, wears off early -> no hangover |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of anxiety? |
|
Definition
- Temporary
- Persistent condition (generalized disorder) |
|
|
Term
| How does the ideal anxiolytic work? |
|
Definition
| - Relieve anxiety wo sedation & no dependence |
|
|
Term
What is adaptive anxiety?
What is maladaptive anxiety? |
|
Definition
- Appropriate reaction to danger
- Chronic psychological stress -> physical symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What physical manifestations does maladaptive anxiety cause? |
|
Definition
1) GI
2) Cardiac
3) Substance abuse |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of anxiety disorders? 5 |
|
Definition
- Adjustment disorder
- Panic disorder
- Phobias
- Obsessive compulsive
- Generalized anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for adjustment disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for panic disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for phobias? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat generalized anxiety disorders? 2 |
|
Definition
- Benzodiazepines
- Busprione |
|
|
Term
How many stages of sleep are there?
How can you "observe" is someone is asleep?
What part of the brain is involved in sleep? 2 |
|
Definition
- 5
- EEG brain changes
- Basal forbrain
- Suppression of reticular activating system |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between insomnia & normal sleep? |
|
Definition
| - Insomnia has less REM (more awake) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 sleep disorders? |
|
Definition
- Insomnia
- Hypersomnia/narcolepsy
- Enuresis (bed wetting)
- Sleep apnea |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to manage hypersomnia/narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat enuresis? |
|
Definition
| - Tricyclic antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| What is used to treat sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How does GABA influence anxiety?
What drugs work at the GABA receptor to relieve anxiety? 3 |
|
Definition
- Main inhibitory transmiter -> relieves anxiety
- Barbituates
- Benzodiazepines
- Alcohol |
|
|
Term
What type of channels are GABA receptors?
How does it effec neuronal function? |
|
Definition
- Cl channels
- Depresses neuron |
|
|
Term
Benzodiazepines
Mechanism of action?
When does it act?
Why used?
Metabolized by?
Drug interactions? 2
Side effects? 5
Withdrawal? 3
Mainly used for? |
|
Definition
- GABA agonist
- Only when GABA is present
- Very safe against over dose
- In liver by CYP3A
- Those that inhibit CYP3A
- Cimetidine (Tagamet)
- Increase levels w CYP3A inhibitors
- Smaller theraputic range in elderly
- Sedation
- Worse when combind w/alcohol
- Paradoxical excitement
- Must be tapered off
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Anxiety & sedation |
|
|
Term
Barbituates
How does it effect GABA?
Why is it not used?
What type of channels does it work on?
How does it affect the channel?
Metabolized by?
Other uses? 2
Side effects? 3
Mainly used for? |
|
Definition
- Facilitates & potentiates GABA (increases duration of action of GABA)
- Small toxicity/theraputic window
- Cl
- Opens channel
- Liver enzyme CYP450
- Anticonvulsants
- Head trauma
- Respiratory depression
- Dangerous w alcohol
- Severe withdrawal
- Sedative |
|
|
Term
Active metabolites have what type of duration of action?
Drugs that are conjugated directly have what type of duration of action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Flumaznil (Mazicon)
Mechanism of action?
Effect?
Side effects?
Delivery?
|
|
Definition
- Benzodiazepine antagonist (reverse anxiety & sedation OD)
- Reverse the effect of benzodiazepines
- Seizures
- IV
- Anxiety/ |
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for most anxiety? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for OCD, agoraphobia, panic attacks, post traumatic stress syndrome & childern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat insomnia? 4 |
|
Definition
- Triazolam (Halcion) short acting
- Temazepam (Rstoril)
- Flurazepam (Dalmane) long acting
- Zolpidem |
|
|
Term
| What are other uses for the sleep aids? 4 |
|
Definition
- Seizures
- Anesthesia
- Muscle relaxation
- Alcohol withdrawal |
|
|
Term
Antihistamine & Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Use?
Mechanism of action? |
|
Definition
- Sedative
- H1 receptor block |
|
|
Term
Zolpidem (Ambein) & Zaleplon (Sonata)
Mechanism of action?
Side effects? 2
Duration of action?
Mainly used as? |
|
Definition
- Binds to BZ1
- Rapid blackouts
- Sleep related behaviors
- Short
- Sedative |
|
|
Term
Eszopclone (Lunestra)
Mechanism of action?
Duration of action?
Drug of choice to treat?
Mainly used as? |
|
Definition
- Binds to BZ receptor
- Long
- Long term insomnia
- Sedative |
|
|
Term
Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Type of drug?
How does it work?
What does it NOT effect? 2
Who should not take this?
Mainly used as? |
|
Definition
- Melatonin analogue
- Resets sleep-awake cycle
- GABA
- REM sleep
- People w liver disease
- Sedative |
|
|
Term
Buspiron (BuSpar)
Use?
Mechanism of action?
Receptor types it works on?
Down side?
Why is it used?
Used as? |
|
Definition
- Anxiety
- 5-HT1A partial agonist
- Ne, DA
- Slow (3 weeks) effect
- Doesn't effect benzodiazepines & alcohol
- Does not impaire memory
- Not addictive
- Sedative |
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