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Definition
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid;
Prodrug converted to active metabolite by mycobacterial peroxidase |
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking RNA transcription |
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking RNA transcription |
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking RNA transcription |
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Definition
| Inhibits arabinosyl transferase resulting in impaired mycobacterial cell wall synthesis |
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding directly to the 30S ribosomal subunits causing faulty peptide sequence to form in the protein chain |
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Definition
| Targets mycobacterial fatty acid synthase I gene involved in mycolic acid synthesis |
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Definition
| Inhibits peptide synthesis imparing cell wall formation; bacteriostatic; Prodrug activated by a mycobacterial redux system |
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Definition
| A competitive antagonist with PABA (like sulfonamides); baceriostatic |
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by competing with amino acid (D-alanine) for incorporation into the bacterial cell wall |
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Term
| Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin |
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Definition
| Anti-TB quinolones; DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitor which are both necessary for DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and transposition |
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Definition
| Participates in immunoregulation by enhancing the oxidative metabolism of macrophages; activates macrophages |
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Definition
| Competitive antagonist of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and prevents normal bacterial utilization of PABA for the synthesis of folic acid |
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Definition
| Binds to ergosterol altering cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi via pore formation and causes leakage of cell components with subsequent cell death. |
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Definition
| Penetrates fungal cells and is converted to fluorouracil which competes with uracil interfering with fungal RNA and protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Interferes with cytochrome P450 activity, decreasing ergosterol synthesis (principal sterol in fungal cell membrane) and inhibiting cell membrane formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits synthesis of β(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of susceptible fungi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits synthesis of β(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of susceptible fungi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits synthesis of β(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of susceptible fungi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits fungal cell mitosis at metaphase; binds to human keratin making it resistant to fungal invasion |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthetic allylamine derivative which inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis in fungi. This results in a deficiency in ergosterol within the fungal cell wall and results in fungal cell death. Binds to keratin. |
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Term
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Definition
| May act by concentrating in the parasite food vacuoles and preventing the polymerization of heme into hemozoin; concentrates within parasite acid vesicles and raises internal pH resulting in inhibition of parasite growth; interferes with metabolism and hemoglobin utilization by parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| May act by concentrating in the parasite food vacuoles and preventing the polymerization of heme into hemozoin; concentrates within parasite acid vesicles and raises internal pH resulting in inhibition of parasite growth; interferes with metabolism and hemoglobin utilization by parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction of nitro group to reactive product; After diffusing into the organism, it is proposed that tinidazole causes cytotoxicity by damaging DNA and preventing further DNA synthesis. |
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Definition
| Causes selective degeneration of Cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Activity may be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralyzes nematodes and arthropods by increasing GABA signaling |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits the formation of helminth microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction causing paralysis of the worm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases the cell permeability to calcium in schistosomes, causing strong contractions and paralysis of worm musculature leading to detachment of suckers from the blood vessel walls and to dislodgment |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes the release of acetylcholine and inhibits cholinesterase; acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, paralyzing the helminths |
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Definition
| Affects microtubule synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to bacterial isoleucyl transfer-RNA synthetase resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Definition
| act as cationic detergents damaging the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane of gram-negative organisms causing leakage of intracellular substances and cell death |
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Definition
| Hydrolyzed to formaldehyde and ammonia in acidic urine. |
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Definition
| Converted to monophosphate by virus-specific thymidine kinase then further converted to triphosphate by other cellular enzymes. Triphosphate inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA. |
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Definition
| Act by competitively inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase thereby blocking viral DNA synthesis and suppressing HIV replication. They can be incorporated into the forming DNA chain and cause chain termination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bind directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and cause conformational change blocking RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to the site of HIV-1 protease activity and inhibits cleavage of viral Gag-Pol polyprotein precursors into individual functional proteins required for infectious HIV. This results in the formation of immature, noninfectious viral particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks viral entry into a healthy cell by binding to the gp41 glycoprotein on the viral envelope and preventing the fusion of the virus with the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| Inhibits the catalytic activity of integrase, thus preventing integration of the proviral gene into human DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits viral penetration, translation, transcription, protein processing, maturation, and release; Also increases expression of MHC class I and II molecules, enhances phagocytic activity of macrophages, increases proliferation and survival of CTLs |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks the M2 proton ion channel of the virus thereby stopping the uncoating of influenza A virus preventing penetration of virus into host |
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Term
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Definition
| Exerts its inhibitory effect early in the viral replicative cycle, possibly inhibiting the uncoating process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuraminidase inhibitors that interfere with the release of progeny virus from infected cells to new host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuraminidase inhibitors that interfere with the release of progeny virus from infected cells to new host cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits replication of RNA and DNA viruses; inhibits influenza virus RNA polymerase activity and inhibits the initiation and elongation of RNA fragments resulting in inhibition of viral protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exhibits neutralizing and fusion-inhibitory activity against RSV; these activities inhibit RSV replication in laboratory and clinical studies |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to the LPS in the membranes of Gm- bacteria disrupting the structure of both the outer and inner cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses Ca to insert tail into the plasma membrane, aggregating and forming pores. This opens the plasma membrane allowing k+ to move out of the cell, resulting in depolarization and loss of excitibility of membrane and prevention of action potential. This causes all of the metabolic activity inside the bacteria to halt, resulting in death (bactericidal). |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural analogs of PABA; they inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (which produces dihydrofolic acid) ultimately inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) preventing the production of tetrahydrofolic acid and preventing bacterial DNA synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV which are responsible for DNA unwinding and separation respectively. They prevent DNA synthesis. |
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