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Pharmacology I - Exam 2 Drugs
Antineoplastics, NSAIDS, ANS Drugs, CNS Drugs
63
Pharmacology
Professional
10/01/2009

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cyclophosphamide
Definition

Nitrogen Mustard:

Alkylates DNA to form crosslinks (adducts)

Tox: myelosuppression, GI, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis

 

 

Term
Chlorambucil
Definition

Nitrogen Mustard:

Alkylates DNA to form crosslinks (adducts)

Tox: myelosuppression, GI

Term

Lomustine

(CCNU)

Definition

Nitrosourea:

Bifunctional alkylating agent (alkylates DNA and carbamylates lysine residues) to form DNA-DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks

Tox: severe myelosuppression

Term

Carmustine

(BCNU)

Definition

Nitrosourea:

Bifunctional alkylating agent (alkylates DNA and carbamylates lysine residues) to form DNA-DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks

Tox: myelosuppression (less severe than Lomustine)

Term
Cisplatin
Definition

Platinum Drug:

Alkylates and forms adducts with DNA

Tox: nephrotoxicity

 

DO NOT USE IN CATS

Term
Carboplatin
Definition

Platinum Drug:

Alkylates and forms adducts with DNA

Tox: myelosuppression

 

(can be used in cats)

Term
Vincristine
Definition

Vinca Alkaloid:

Inhibits the function of microtubules

Tox: mild myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy (rare in animals)

 

BEWARE OF EXTRAVASATION

Term
Vinblastine
Definition

Vinca Alkaloid:

Inhibits the function of microtubules

Tox: severe myelosuppression (compared to Vincristine, and no peripheral neuropathy)

 

BEWARE OF EXTRAVASATION

Term
Methotrexate
Definition

Antimetabolite: Folic Acid Analogue

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to stop DNA synthesis

Tox: myelosuppression, precipitation in renal tubules with high doses

Term
Cytarabine
Definition

Antimetabolite: Pyrimidine Analogue

Interferes with DNA synthesis

Tox: myelosuppression

Term
5-Fluorouracil
Definition

Antimetabolite: Pyrimidine Analogue

Alters DNA/RNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase

Tox: myelosuppression, CNS toxicity

 

DO NOT USE IN CATS

Term
Hyrodxyurea
Definition

Antimetabolite:

Limits DNA synthesis by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase

Tox: N/A

 

NOT COMMONLY USED

Term
Doxorubicin
Definition

Antibiotic: Anthracycline (antineoplastic)

Intercalates with DNA, causing kinks, and inhibits topoisomerase causing DNA uncoiling = DNA cannot repair itself

Tox: dose-related cardiac toxicity

 

BEWARE OF EXTRAVASATION

Term
L-asparaginase
Definition

Enzyme:

Deprives cancer cells of asparagine (cannot synthesize) by catalyzing asparagine hydrolysis into ammonia and aspartic acid

Tox: anaphylaxis (2nd exposure)

 

(really only used to treat relapses)

Term
Prednisone
Definition

Hormone:

Modulate gene expression, inhibits mitosis and RNA synthesis

Tox: immunosuppression (cytotoxic, lympholytic)

Term
Piroxicam
Definition

NSAID (antineoplastic):

Cox inhibitor

Tox: GI ulceration, possible renal toxicity

 

Used for transitional cell carcinomas!

Term
Phenylbutazone
Definition

NSAID:

COX1 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

 

DO NOT USE IN DOGS

ILLEGAL USE IN DAIRY HEIFERS >20 MONTHS OF AGE

MOST COMMON EQUINE NSAID

Term
Aspirin
Definition

NSAID:

COX1 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

 

NOT ACTUALLY APPROVED BY FDA FOR USE IN ANIMALS

Term
Flunixin
Definition

NSAID:

Primarily COX1 inhibitor, some COX2 inhibition

Tox: GI, renal

 

ONLY NSAID APPROVED IN CATTLE

(also used for sheep and goats - not FDA approved)

Term
Ketoprofen
Definition

NSAID:

Primarily COX1 inhibitor, some COX2 inhibition

Tox: GI, renal

Term
Firocoxib
Definition

NSAID:

Specific COX2 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

Term
Deracoxib
Definition

NSAID:

Specific COX2 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

Term
Carprofen
Definition

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal, idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, temporal association with bone marrow necrosis

 

FIRST NSAID APPROVED FOR AND MOST COMMONLY USED IN DOGS

Term
Meloxicam
Definition

NSAID:

Primarily COX2 inhibitor, some COX1 inhibition

Tox: GI, renal

 

ONLY NSAID APPROVED FOR CATS

USED EXTENSIVELY FOR EXOTICS

Term
Etodolac
Definition

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

Term
Diclofenac
Definition

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal, possible association with dry eye

Term
Ibuprofen
Definition

NSAID

 

DO NOT USE IN DOGS

 

Not FDA approved for use in animals

Term
Naproxen
Definition
NSAID
Term
Tepoxalin
Definition

NSAID:

COX inhibitor, possible LOX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

Term
Flurbiprofen
Definition

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

 

OPHTHALMIC FORMULA

Term
Acetominophen
Definition

Not FDA approved for use in animals

 

DO NOT USE IN CATS

 

Tox: hepatotoxicity in dogs

 

Interferes with COX pathway products

Term
Epinephrine
Definition

Nonselective Alpha/Beta adrenergic agonist

Direct

 

Term
Isoproterenol
Definition

Nonselective Beta agonist

Direct

Term
Dopamine
Definition

Nonselective Alpha/Beta agonist

Direct

Term
Dobutamine
Definition

Selective B1 agonist

Direct

Term
Phenylephrine
Definition

Selective A1 agonist

Direct

Term
Albuterol
Definition

Selective B2 agonist

Direct

Term
Ephedrine
Definition

Nonselective Alpha/Beta agonist

Indirect/direct

Term
Pseudoephedrine
Definition

Nonselective A/B agonist

Indirect/direct

Term
Amphetamine
Definition

Nonselective A/B agonist

Indirect

Term
Phenoxybenzamine
Definition
Nonselective Alpha blocker
Term
Propanolol
Definition
Nonselective Beta blocker
Term
Timolol
Definition
Nonselective Beta blocker
Term
Atenolol
Definition
Selective B1 blocker
Term
Carvedilol
Definition

Nonselective Beta blocker

(also A1 blocker)

Term
Bethanechol
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Direct

Term
Carbachol
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Direct

Term
Pilocarpine
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Direct

Term
Physostigmine
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Term
Pyridostigmine
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Term
Edrophonium
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Term
Neostigmine
Definition

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Term
Atropine
Definition
Muscarinic antagonist
Term
Glycopyrrolate
Definition
Muscarinic antagonist
Term
Atracurium
Definition

NMJ Blocker:

Non-depolarizing competitive cholinergic antagonist

 

CAUSES HISTAMINE RELEASE

Term
Vecuronium
Definition

NMJ Blocker:

Non-depolarizing competitive cholinergic antagonist

Term
Panacuronium
Definition

NMJ Blocker:

Non-depolarizing competitive cholinergic antagonist

Term
Succinylcholine
Definition

NMJ Blocker:

Depolarizing non-competitive nicotinic agonist

 

CAUSES HISTAMINE RELEASE

Term
Lidocaine
Definition

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Term
Mepivacaine
Definition

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Term
Bupivacaine
Definition

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Term
Benzocaine
Definition

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Term
Proparacaine
Definition

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

 

USED TOPICALLY/OPHTHALMICALLY

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