Nitrogen Mustard:

Alkylates DNA to form crosslinks (adducts)

Tox: myelosuppression, GI, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis

Nitrogen Mustard:

Alkylates DNA to form crosslinks (adducts)

Tox: myelosuppression, GI

Lomustine

(CCNU)

Nitrosourea:

Bifunctional alkylating agent (alkylates DNA and carbamylates lysine residues) to form DNA-DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks

Tox: severe myelosuppression

Carmustine

(BCNU)

Nitrosourea:

Bifunctional alkylating agent (alkylates DNA and carbamylates lysine residues) to form DNA-DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks

Tox: myelosuppression (less severe than Lomustine)

Platinum Drug:

Alkylates and forms adducts with DNA

Tox: nephrotoxicity

DO NOT USE IN CATS

Platinum Drug:

Alkylates and forms adducts with DNA

Tox: myelosuppression

(can be used in cats)

Vinca Alkaloid:

Inhibits the function of microtubules

Tox: mild myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy (rare in animals)

BEWARE OF EXTRAVASATION

Vinca Alkaloid:

Inhibits the function of microtubules

Tox: severe myelosuppression (compared to Vincristine, and no peripheral neuropathy)

BEWARE OF EXTRAVASATION

Antimetabolite: Folic Acid Analogue

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to stop DNA synthesis

Tox: myelosuppression, precipitation in renal tubules with high doses

Antimetabolite: Pyrimidine Analogue

Interferes with DNA synthesis

Tox: myelosuppression

Antimetabolite: Pyrimidine Analogue

Alters DNA/RNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase

Tox: myelosuppression, CNS toxicity

DO NOT USE IN CATS

Antimetabolite:

Limits DNA synthesis by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase

Tox: N/A

NOT COMMONLY USED

Antibiotic: Anthracycline (antineoplastic)

Intercalates with DNA, causing kinks, and inhibits topoisomerase causing DNA uncoiling = DNA cannot repair itself

Tox: dose-related cardiac toxicity

BEWARE OF EXTRAVASATION

Enzyme:

Deprives cancer cells of asparagine (cannot synthesize) by catalyzing asparagine hydrolysis into ammonia and aspartic acid

Tox: anaphylaxis (2nd exposure)

(really only used to treat relapses)

Hormone:

Modulate gene expression, inhibits mitosis and RNA synthesis

Tox: immunosuppression (cytotoxic, lympholytic)

NSAID (antineoplastic):

Cox inhibitor

Tox: GI ulceration, possible renal toxicity

Used for transitional cell carcinomas!

NSAID:

COX1 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

DO NOT USE IN DOGS

ILLEGAL USE IN DAIRY HEIFERS >20 MONTHS OF AGE

MOST COMMON EQUINE NSAID

NSAID:

COX1 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

NOT ACTUALLY APPROVED BY FDA FOR USE IN ANIMALS

NSAID:

Primarily COX1 inhibitor, some COX2 inhibition

Tox: GI, renal

ONLY NSAID APPROVED IN CATTLE

(also used for sheep and goats - not FDA approved)

NSAID:

Primarily COX1 inhibitor, some COX2 inhibition

Tox: GI, renal

NSAID:

Specific COX2 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

NSAID:

Specific COX2 inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal, idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, temporal association with bone marrow necrosis

FIRST NSAID APPROVED FOR AND MOST COMMONLY USED IN DOGS

NSAID:

Primarily COX2 inhibitor, some COX1 inhibition

Tox: GI, renal

ONLY NSAID APPROVED FOR CATS

USED EXTENSIVELY FOR EXOTICS

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal, possible association with dry eye

NSAID

DO NOT USE IN DOGS

Not FDA approved for use in animals

NSAID:

COX inhibitor, possible LOX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

NSAID:

COX inhibitor

Tox: GI, renal

OPHTHALMIC FORMULA

Not FDA approved for use in animals

DO NOT USE IN CATS

Tox: hepatotoxicity in dogs

Interferes with COX pathway products

Nonselective Alpha/Beta adrenergic agonist

Direct

Nonselective Beta agonist

Direct

Nonselective Alpha/Beta agonist

Direct

Selective B1 agonist

Direct

Selective A1 agonist

Direct

Selective B2 agonist

Direct

Nonselective Alpha/Beta agonist

Indirect/direct

Nonselective A/B agonist

Indirect/direct

Nonselective A/B agonist

Indirect

Nonselective Beta blocker

(also A1 blocker)

Muscarinic agonist

Direct

Muscarinic agonist

Direct

Muscarinic agonist

Direct

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

Muscarinic agonist

Indirect

NMJ Blocker:

Non-depolarizing competitive cholinergic antagonist

CAUSES HISTAMINE RELEASE

NMJ Blocker:

Non-depolarizing competitive cholinergic antagonist

NMJ Blocker:

Non-depolarizing competitive cholinergic antagonist

NMJ Blocker:

Depolarizing non-competitive nicotinic agonist

CAUSES HISTAMINE RELEASE

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

Local Anesthetic:

Na+ channel blocker

USED TOPICALLY/OPHTHALMICALLY