Term
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Definition
| When a hospital facility tracks an infection for local susceptibility |
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Term
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Definition
| The Miminum Inhibitory Concentration - the minimum concentration at which an antimicrobial inhibits the growth of the organism. |
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Term
| For learning purposes, when you think of gram +, you should think of what organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| For learning purposes, when you think of gram -, you should think of what organisms? |
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Definition
| E. Coli and almost everything else. |
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Term
| Organisms in the mouth are commonly aerobic, or anaerobic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mycoplasma can cause what common infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of antibiotic class are the penicillins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What beta lactam antibiotic does penicillin share a cross-reactive allergic reaction of 4% with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What beta lactam antibiotic do cephalosporins share a cross-reactive allergic reaction of 4% with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacterial class do penicillins work against? |
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Definition
| Gram + cocci (except staph aureus). |
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Term
| What type of antibiotic, as per the Sanford Guide and the CDC, should GABHS be treated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between penicillins and oral contraceptives? |
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Definition
| Penicillins decrease oral contraceptive efficacy, increasing the likelihood of pregnancy. |
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Term
| Which has worse diarrhea, ampicillin or amoxicillin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does beta lactamase have on penicillins & what can be co-administered to inhibit this efffect? |
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Definition
| Beta lactamase binds to beta lactamases (i.e. penicillins), rendering them useless. Clavulanic acid (beta lactamase inhibitor) can be given (i.e. augmentin). |
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Term
| What antibiotic class is the most commonly prescribed in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are cephalosporins inhibitory, or bactericidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's a common 1st generation cephalosporin & what organ system does it fight infection for particularly well? |
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Definition
| Keflex (cephalexin) - primarily for skin & skin structure - great activity against staph aureus). |
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Term
| Should 1st generation cephalosporins be used for UTI's? |
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Definition
| No - too much resistance has started to develop. |
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Term
| What's different between 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins? |
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Definition
| 2nd generation are more potent against gram (-) than 1st. |
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Term
| Are 2nd generation cephalosporins effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's different between 3rd generation cephalosporins and 1st & 2nd cephalosporins? |
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Definition
| 3rd gen. have even more potency against Gm (-). |
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Term
| What's a common 3rd generation cephalosporin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibiotic should be initiated for CAP while pt is still in the office? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's a common 4th generation Cephalosporin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are sulfonamides narrowly or widely distributed in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are sulfonamides bacteriostatic or -cidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are sulfonamides active against gram (-) bacteria? |
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Definition
| Yes - they're active against both gram (-) and gram (+) |
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Term
| Are sulfonamides generally inexpensive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should pts be taught about sulfonamide use and sunlight? |
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Definition
| Sulfonamides can cause photosensitivity. |
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Term
| What allergic reaction can sulfonamides increase the likelihood for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome? |
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Definition
| SJS is a life-threatening condition affecting the skin in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis (Wikipedia). |
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Term
| Are sulfonamides effective against community- or hospital-acquired MRSA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should Sulfonamides be used in patients with MRSA infections that just DC'd from the hospital? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the new blackbox warning for floroquinolones? |
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Definition
| Advising about the relationship between quinolones and tendon rupture & torsades. |
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Term
| Trovan was a good floroquinolone for sinus infections, but it's generally not used as much because it's toxic to what organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do quinolones offer sufficient coverage against mycobacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What specific patient population commonly receives quinolone therapy for infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are quinolones broad or narrow spectrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should quinolones be used as 1st line antiinfective therapy? |
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Definition
| No - resistance is becoming an issue. |
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Term
| How should quinolone dosing be adjusted in the cases of pregnant women and children? |
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Definition
| Quinolones should not be used in pregnant women and children. |
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Term
| Do quinolones provide sufficient coverage for UTI's? |
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Definition
| Yes, they're highly effective (think Cipro). |
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Term
| What type of pneumonia are macrolides very good against? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are macrolides be used as 1st line antiinfective therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug class is preferred when treating susceptible infections in pts with PCN allergy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are macrolides effective against Legionnaires? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 respiratory infections (except mycoplasma pneumonia) that Macrolides should be used to treat. |
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Definition
| Diptheria & streptococcal infections. |
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Term
| Are macrolides mediated by CYT P450 metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 common macrolide drugs. |
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Definition
| Erythromycin, azythromycin, clarythromycin |
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Term
| What should be closely monitored in pts being concommitantly treated with macrolides and coumadin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of metabolic pathway do most antifungals follow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does azythromycin affect the CYP 450 less or more than other macrolides? |
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Definition
| Azythromycin still affects CYP 450-mediated drugs, but not as much as other macrolides. |
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Term
| Does tetracycline offer broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic coverage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does tetracycline cover for gram (-) bacteria? |
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Definition
| Yes, it covers both Gm (+) and Gm (-). |
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Term
| Is tetracycline bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? |
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Definition
| Tetracycline is bacteriostatic. |
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Term
| What skin condition is tetracycline good for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What population should never use tetracyclines & what happens if it's used? |
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Definition
| Pregnant women or young children - tetracycline stains newly forming teeth brown (3rd trimester). |
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Term
| What two elements should not be taken with tetracyclines? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do tetracyclines interfere with oral contraceptives? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Within what time period should antivirals be implemented with appropriate infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the best time to initiate antiviral therapy in herpes of the lips (Herpes labialis)? |
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Definition
| When tingling on lip first begins. |
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Term
| How well can antivirals stop influenza infections? |
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Definition
| They cannot stop them, only shorten the duration of illness. |
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Term
| In charting, is differentiation between influenza A and B significant? |
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Definition
| Yes, always differentiate between the two when able. |
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Term
| What's the drug of choice to battle both C. difficile and MRSA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for giardia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for BV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the indications of Valtrex (valacyclovir)? |
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Definition
| Genital HSV (immunocompromised pts); herpes labialis; & herpes zoster. |
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Term
| Metronidazole is effective against aerobic or anaerobic organisms? |
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Definition
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